Drilldown: Medicines

Nav

Choose a table:

Medicines (732)

Medicines > routes: Oral

& legal

: OTC in US

or Rx

Use the filters below to narrow your results.

None (6) · Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) · Bisacodyl (1) · Cetirizine (1) · Docusate (sodium or calcium) (1) · Ferrous sulfate (1) · Fexofenadine (1) · Guaifenesin (1) · Levocetirizine (1) · Loperamide (1) · Loratadine (1) · Riboflavin (vitamin B2) (1) · Vitamin E (α-tocopherol; mixed natural and synthetic forms) (1)

Allegra, Allegra Allergy 24 Hour, Mucinex Allergy (combo) — all now OTC in US (1) · Auvelity (dextromethorphan/bupropion ER) (1) · Caplyta (1) · Claritin, Alavert, Tavist ND (1) · Colace (sodium), Surfak (calcium); many generics OTC (1) · Dulcolax, Correctol, Bisac-Evac (1) · Feosol, Fer-In-Sol, Slow Fe; mostly generic and OTC (1) · Generic; huge OTC presence (1) · Generic; many OTC formulations (1) · Imodium, Imodium A-D (1) · Many generics/OTC (1) · Mucinex, Robitussin, Tussin (1) · Rexulti (1) · Trintellix (US), Brintellix (formerly) (1) · Viibryd (1) · Vraylar (1) · Xyzal, Xyzal Allergy 24HR (OTC) (1) · Zyrtec, Zyrtec-D (1)

None (10) · Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000391-QINU`"' Minimal CYP metabolism; mostly renally cleared unchanged. Cetirizine is the active racemate; levocetirizine is the active R-enantiomer marketed separately'"`UNIQ--ref-00000392-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000061E-QINU`"' Less reliably anticholinergic than first-generation H1s; minimal antiemetic effect. Desloratadine (Clarinex) is the active enantiomer-of-metabolite version marketed as a Rx alternative. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000950-QINU`"' Mostly renally cleared unchanged; dose-reduce in renal impairment. Like cetirizine, retains slightly more sedation than fexofenadine in some users'"`UNIQ--ref-00000951-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001067-QINU`"' Chronic use is associated with cathartic colon (colonic dilation, loss of haustration), hypokalemia, and laxative dependence; reserved for short-term use or bowel prep with breaks between courses'"`UNIQ--ref-00001068-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation. (1)

1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (1) · 10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food) (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed (1) · 100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based (1) · 200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER) (1) · 325 mg PO daily to TID (=65 mg elemental iron/tablet); alternate-day dosing is now favored by hepcidin physiology for better absorption with less GI burden (1) · 4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower (1) · 42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration) (1) · 5 mg PO once daily in the evening (1) · 5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses (1) · 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d (1) · Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1.5 mg PO daily, increase to 1.5-6 mg as tolerated. Bipolar mania: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3-6 mg. Bipolar depression: 1.5 mg daily for 14 days, then 3 mg. MDD adjunct: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3 mg. (1)

0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg capsules (1) · 10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter) (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets (1) · 100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) · 100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom) (1) · 25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC (1) · 30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) · 325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx (1) · 42 mg capsules (1) · 5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx (1) · 5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC (1) · Dextromethorphan 45 mg + bupropion 105 mg ER tablets (1)

10 mg/d (adults) (2) · 16 mg/d (8 mg/d OTC) (1) · 180 mg/d (adults) (1) · 2 tablets/day (dextromethorphan 90 mg / bupropion 210 mg) (1) · 2.4 g/d (1) · 20 mg/d (1) · 30 mg/d for short-term use (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 42 mg/d (1) · 5 mg/d (adults) (1) · 6 mg/d (psychosis/mania); 3 mg/d (depression adjunct) (1) · No strict ceiling for water-soluble vitamin; UL not set (1) · UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~200 mg elemental iron/d typical practical limit (1) · ~500 mg/d typical (1)

1-2 hours (1) · 1-3 days (1) · 1-3 hours (slower onset than cetirizine; symptom relief somewhat less) (1) · 30 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (3) · 4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism) (1) · Antipsychotic effect over weeks (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1) · Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use (1) · PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 7-10 days; hemoglobin rise of ~1 g/dL per 3 weeks (1) · Significant antidepressant response by week 1 in trials (faster than monoaminergic antidepressants which take 4-6 weeks) (1) · Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1) · Weeks for psychosis/mood efficacy (1)

12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (3) · 4 hours (IR); 12 hours (ER) (1) · 8-12 hours (1) · Daily dosing (4) · Daily dosing; active metabolites with very long half-lives (up to 1-3 weeks) (1) · Hours (3) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (1) · Sustained with twice-daily dosing (1) · Weeks (fat-soluble) (1)

8-10 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000396-QINU`"' (1) · Cariprazine ~2-4 d; major active metabolites desmethyl-cariprazine (DCAR) ~1-3 weeks → 'oral depot' effect with delayed steady-state and reduced effect of missed doses (1) · Dextromethorphan ~22 h (when CYP2D6 inhibited); bupropion ~21 h (1) · N/A (incorporated into hemoglobin and tissue stores) (1) · Not meaningfully described (1) · Variable; effect dependent on local intestinal action rather than systemic kinetics'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106B-QINU`"' (1) · ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001050-QINU`"' (1) · ~1-2 hours plasma (riboflavin itself); FAD/FMN tissue cofactors are continuous (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) · ~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) · ~18 hours (terminal) (1) · ~25 hours (1) · ~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1) · ~66 hours (1) · ~8 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000954-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours (parent); ~28 hours (desloratadine, the active metabolite, marketed separately as Clarinex)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000621-QINU`"' (1) · ~9-14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD2-QINU`"' (1) · ~91 hours (1)

10-20% (oral; reduced by food, calcium, antacids, PPIs, tea/coffee; enhanced by ascorbate) (1) · Adequate oral bioavailability (1) · High (oral); not significantly affected by food'"`UNIQ--ref-00000397-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001051-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral; food prolongs absorption modestly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000622-QINU`"' (1) · High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) · Limited but adequate; take with food (1) · Local action; minimal systemic effect (1) · Low systemic absorption (enteric coating delivers drug to colon)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000106C-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized for the combination (1) · ~0.3% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux at the intestinal and blood-brain barriers limit systemic and CNS exposure at therapeutic doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000FD3-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) · ~50-60% (oral; food enhances) (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1) · ~72% (with food); much lower fasting (~36%) (1) · ~75% (1) · ~85-90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000955-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (1)