Drilldown: Medicines
Medicines > routes 
:
ophthalmic or
topical ophthalmic
& legal:
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US
:
ophthalmic or
topical ophthalmic
& legal:
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
brand:
Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) ·
Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) ·
Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred ODT, Millipred, Veripred (1) ·
Timoptic (ophthalmic), Timoptic-XE (gel-forming once-daily), Istalol (once-daily 0.5%), Betimol; Blocadren (oral, discontinued in many markets); combination eye drops Combigan (with brimonidine), Cosopt (with dorzolamide) (1) ·
Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1) ·
Toradol (IV/IM, US brand discontinued), Sprix (nasal spray), Acular and Acuvail (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) ·
Xalatan, Xelpros (1)
classes:
[[:Category:Alpha-2_agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Aminoglycosides|Aminoglycoside antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic (opioid-sparing parenteral)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antiglaucoma medicines|Antiglaucoma medicine]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Beta blocker (non-selective)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitors|Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (topical)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (4) ·
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (intermediate-acting)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Migraine prophylactics|Migraine prophylactic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (4) ·
[[:Category:Prostaglandin_analogs|Prostaglandin F2α analog]] (2)
mechanism:
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000415-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000416-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C3-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B08-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B09-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DA0-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010AF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B2-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) ·
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) ·
1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) ·
IM: 60 mg single dose or 30 mg every 6 hours. IV: 30 mg every 6 hours. Oral (continuation only): 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Sprix nasal: 31.5 mg every 6-8 hours. '''Maximum 5 days total combined use''' (1) ·
IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) ·
Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) ·
Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day (1) ·
Pediatric 1-2 mg/kg/d (max 60 mg) PO for asthma exacerbation; adult dosing similar to prednisone milligram-for-milligram (~1:1 potency) (1)
preparations:
0.005% ophthalmic solution (50 mcg/mL); typical 2.5 mL bottle (1) ·
0.01%, 0.03% ophthalmic solution (1) ·
0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza) (1) ·
2% ophthalmic solution (Trusopt); 2%/0.5% fixed combination with timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF) (1) ·
5 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL, 15 mg/5 mL oral solutions (sweetened pediatric); 5 mg/5 mL syrup; ophthalmic 0.12%, 1% suspensions and 1% solution (1) ·
IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment (1) ·
Tablets 10 mg; injection 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL; nasal spray 15.75 mg/spray (Sprix); ophthalmic solution 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5% (1) ·
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; ophthalmic solution 0.25%, 0.5%; ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.25%, 0.5% (Timoptic-XE) (1)
fda max:
1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) ·
120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) ·
60 mg/day (oral, hypertension); 0.5% BID (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Indication-specific (1) ·
IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) ·
One drop per eye per day (1) ·
TID per eye (2)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) ·
BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Hours (1) ·
Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) ·
IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) ·
IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) ·
IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) ·
IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1)
duration:
halflife:
2-3 hours (normal renal function); markedly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B3-QINU`"' (1) ·
5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) ·
Plasma 2-3 hours; biologic ~18-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C4-QINU`"' (1) ·
~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000417-QINU`"' (1) ·
~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) ·
~4 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) ·
~4 months in erythrocytes (carbonic anhydrase binding in red cells; not relevant to topical IOP duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0A-QINU`"' (1) ·
~45 minutes (free acid in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA1-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) ·
Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) ·
~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) ·
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
Aminoglycoside-class ototoxicity in fetal cochlea is documented; use only when alternatives have failed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning; contraindicated from 30 weeks. Specifically contraindicated in labor and delivery due to inhibition of uterine contractions'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) ·
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; weigh against alternatives, though systemic exposure is low.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (2) ·
Limited human data; β-blocker class effects include fetal growth restriction and neonatal bradycardia/hypoglycemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts debated.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
legal: (Click arrow to add another value)
Showing below up to 8 results in range #1 to #8.