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Medicines (732)

Medicines > mechanism

: 5-HT1B/1D agonist

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& routes: IV

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Acetaminophen (paracetamol, APAP) (1) · Acyclovir (1) · Allopurinol (1) · Amiodarone (1) · Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) (1) · Azithromycin (1) · Bumetanide (1) · Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) (1) · Cefuroxime (axetil oral, sodium IV) (1) · Ciprofloxacin (1) · Clindamycin (1) · Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Cyclosporine (ciclosporin) (1) · Dexamethasone (1) · Diazepam (1) · Doxycycline (1) · Enalapril (and enalaprilat IV) (1) · Erythromycin (1) · Fluconazole (1) · Fluorouracil (5-FU) (1) · Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) · Furosemide (1) · Hydralazine (1) · Hydrocortisone (cortisol) (1) · Insulin aspart (1) · Ketorolac (tromethamine) (1) · Levofloxacin (1) · Liothyronine (T3, triiodothyronine sodium) (1) · Methotrexate (1) · Metoclopramide (1) · Metronidazole (1) · Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) (1) · Ondansetron (1) · Phencyclidine (1) · Potassium chloride (1) · Tobramycin (1) · Verapamil (1)

Apresoline (historical); mostly generic; combination with isosorbide dinitrate marketed as BiDil for self-identified Black patients with HFrEF (1) · Bumex (1) · Calan, Calan SR, Verelan, Verelan PM, Isoptin SR (1) · Ceftin (oral), Zinacef (IV) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Cleocin (oral, IV); Clindesse, Cleocin (vaginal); Clindets, Cleocin T (topical) (1) · Cordarone, Pacerone, Nexterone (IV) (1) · Cortef (oral), Solu-Cortef (IV), many topical brands (Cortizone, OTC); Plenadren, Alkindi (modified-release for adrenal insufficiency) (1) · Cytomel (oral), Triostat (IV) (1) · Decadron (historical), Dexpak (taper pack), Hemady, Ozurdex (intravitreal) (1) · Diflucan (1) · E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) · Efudex (topical), Carac (topical), Fluoroplex (topical); generic IV (1) · Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate (1) · Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Generic; huge OTC presence (1) · K-Dur, Klor-Con, Slow-K, Micro-K, K-Lyte/Cl (1) · Lasix (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Nitrostat, Nitrolingual, NitroMist, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur, Minitran, Rectiv (1) · NovoLog, Fiasp (ultra-rapid), Trurapi (1) · Reglan, Gimoti (intranasal), Metozolv ODT (1) · Rocaltrol (oral), Calcijex (IV); topical Vectical for psoriasis (1) · Sandimmune, Neoral (modified microemulsion, increased bioavailability), Gengraf, Restasis (ophthalmic) (1) · Sernyl (human, withdrawn 1965); Sernylan (veterinary, withdrawn 1978) (1) · Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1) · Toradol (IV/IM, US brand discontinued), Sprix (nasal spray), Acular and Acuvail (ophthalmic) (1) · Trexall, Otrexup, Rasuvo, Xatmep, Rheumatrex (discontinued) (1) · Tylenol, Panadol (international), Ofirmev (IV); huge OTC presence (1) · Valium (oral, IV/IM, rectal), Diastat (rectal gel for breakthrough seizures), Valtoco (nasal spray for breakthrough seizures), Libervant (buccal film) (1) · Vasotec, Vasotec IV, Epaned (1) · Vibramycin, Doryx, Oracea, Adoxa, Monodox, Acticlate (1) · Zithromax, Z-Pak, Zmax (1) · Zofran, Zofran ODT (1) · Zovirax (1) · Zyloprim, Aloprim (IV) (1)

Other values:

0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · 0.5-1 mg PO/IV once or twice daily; titrate to clinical response. Approximate equipotency: bumetanide 1 mg ≈ furosemide 40 mg ≈ torsemide 20 mg (1) · 10 mg PO/IV/IM QID, '''not to exceed 12 weeks''' (tardive dyskinesia risk); intranasal Gimoti 15 mg BID (1) · 10-20 mEq PO daily for prevention; treat established hypokalemia per measured deficit, typically 40-100 mEq/d in divided doses; IV 10 mEq/h peripheral, 20 mEq/h central with telemetry (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 100 mg PO once daily; titrate by 100 mg every 2-4 weeks to a serum urate target (typically <6 mg/dL, or <5 in tophaceous disease) (1) · 20-40 mg PO/IV; titrate by clinical response. In diuretic-resistant heart failure or CKD, doses to 200 mg or higher may be needed (1) · 250-500 mg PO BID × 7-14 days; IV 1.5 g q8h for serious infections (1) · 250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) · 325-1000 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4 g/d in healthy adults, 3 g/d in regular users or hepatic risk; pediatric 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · 5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF (1) · 500 mg PO day 1, then 250 mg PO daily days 2-5 (Z-Pak); 1 g PO single dose for chlamydia; pediatric dosing 10 mg/kg day 1, 5 mg/kg days 2-5 (1) · 500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10-20 mg PO/IV every 4-6 hours, symptom-triggered. Status epilepticus: 5-10 mg IV. Breakthrough seizures: Diastat rectal 0.2-0.5 mg/kg or Valtoco intranasal 5-20 mg (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Hypothyroidism: 5-25 mcg PO daily (start low, titrate slowly); myxedema coma: 5-20 mcg IV q4-12h with T4 loading (1) · IM: 60 mg single dose or 30 mg every 6 hours. IV: 30 mg every 6 hours. Oral (continuation only): 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Sprix nasal: 31.5 mg every 6-8 hours. '''Maximum 5 days total combined use''' (1) · Indication-specific: 0.5-9 mg PO/IV daily for inflammation; 4 mg IV q6h for cerebral edema; 40 mg PO once weekly in MM; 6 mg PO/IV daily ×10 days for severe COVID-19; 0.6 mg/kg PO single dose for croup (max 16 mg) (1) · Initial genital herpes 400 mg PO TID × 7-10 days; episodic 800 mg TID × 2 days; suppression 400 mg BID; herpes zoster 800 mg 5×/day × 7 days; HSV encephalitis 10 mg/kg IV q8h × 14-21 days (1) · IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses (1) · IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · Oral 0.25 mcg daily, titrate by serum calcium and PTH; IV in CKD 0.5-3 mcg three times weekly (1) · Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1) · Oral load 800-1600 mg/d in divided doses for 1-3 weeks, then 600-800 mg/d for 1 month, then 200-400 mg/d maintenance; IV 150 mg over 10 min then 1 mg/min for 6 hours then 0.5 mg/min (1) · Physiologic replacement 15-25 mg/d divided (e.g., 10 mg AM, 5 mg noon, 5 mg afternoon); stress dose 50-100 mg IV q6-8h; adrenal crisis 100 mg IV then 50-100 mg q6h; topical 0.5-2.5% applied 2-4×/d (1) · PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1) · Rheumatologic: 7.5-15 mg PO or SC '''once weekly''' (not daily — daily dosing is a recognized fatal error); folic acid 1 mg PO daily on non-MTX days; oncology dosing is far higher and indication-specific (1) · SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose (1) · SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance) (1) · Topical: 0.5-5% cream/solution to lesions BID × 2-4 weeks; systemic IV: regimen-specific in cancer chemotherapy (1) · Transplant: 5-10 mg/kg/d divided BID, titrated to trough levels (typically 100-300 ng/mL depending on regimen and post-transplant interval); ophthalmic Restasis 0.05% one drop BID (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)

0.25, 0.5 mcg oral capsules; 1 mcg/mL oral solution; 1 mcg/mL IV; 3 mcg/g topical ointment (1) · 0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection (1) · 0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV (1) · 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 mg tablets; oral solution; 4, 10, 20, 100 mg/mL IV; intravitreal implant (Ozurdex) (1) · 0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; 0.25 mg/mL IV (1) · 10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV (1) · 100 mg, 300 mg tablets; IV 500 mg vial (1) · 100 U/mL (NovoLog, Fiasp) vials, pens, cartridges (1) · 100, 200, 400 mg tablets; 50 mg/mL IV (with polysorbate 80 in older formulations causing hypotension); 1.5 mg/mL Nexterone IV (PVC-free, lower hypotension risk) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · 125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials (1) · 2.5 mg tablets; 10-50 mg/mL injection; pre-filled subcutaneous autoinjectors (Otrexup, Rasuvo); 2.5 mg/mL oral solution (Xatmep) (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat) (1) · 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL oral solution; 10 mg/mL IV (1) · 200, 400, 800 mg tablets; 200 mg capsules; 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500, 1000 mg IV vials; 5% cream and ointment (topical) (1) · 250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg tablets; 100, 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 2 g ER suspension (Zmax); 500 mg IV (1) · 250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) · 250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository (1) · 250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic (1) · 250, 500, 750 mg tablets; 25 mg/mL oral solution; 25 mg/mL IV (premix bags 250, 500, 750 mg); 0.5%, 1.5% ophthalmic solutions (1) · 325, 500, 650 mg tablets; 80, 160 mg chewables; 160 mg/5 mL pediatric liquid; 325 mg suppository; 1000 mg/100 mL IV (Ofirmev); fixed-dose combinations with opioids, decongestants, antihistamines (1) · 4 mg, 8 mg, 24 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg orally disintegrating tablets; 4 mg/5 mL oral solution; IV (2 mg/mL) (1) · 5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal (1) · 5, 10, 20 mg oral tablets; 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg IV (Solu-Cortef); 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% topical creams/ointments; rectal foam and enemas (1) · 5, 25, 50 mcg tablets (Cytomel); 10 mcg/mL IV (Triostat) (1) · 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV (1) · 50, 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; 10, 40 mg/mL oral suspension; 2 mg/mL IV (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) · 8, 10, 20, 25 mEq tablets/capsules (most ER); effervescent and oral solution; IV concentrate (must be diluted) (1) · Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets. (1) · IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL (1) · IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment (1) · Sandimmune 25, 100 mg capsules; Neoral 25, 100 mg modified soft gel; 100 mg/mL oral solution; 50 mg/mL IV; Restasis 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (1) · SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV (1) · Tablets 10 mg; injection 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL; nasal spray 15.75 mg/spray (Sprix); ophthalmic solution 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5% (1) · Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film (1)

1 g/d (oral); 6 g/d (IV) (1) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 100 mcg/d typical (1) · 120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) · 300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 4 g/d in healthy adults; 3 g/d conservative limit; 2 g/d in cirrhosis or chronic alcohol use (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) · 500 mg/d (typical regimen); single 2 g for Zmax; 2 g for select STIs (1) · 600 mg/d typical practical ceiling in heart failure (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · 800 mg/d (rarely needed) (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · Indication-specific (2) · Indication-specific; high-dose IV regimens for encephalitis or disseminated disease (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · IV peripheral 10 mEq/h (40 mEq/L); IV central 20 mEq/h with cardiac monitoring; PO single doses generally ≤40 mEq (1) · IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Oral maintenance 400 mg/d typical; higher in refractory cases (1) · Rheumatologic ~25 mg/week; oncology indication-specific (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum (1) · Titrated; risk of hypercalcemia is the limiting factor (1) · Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1) · Transplant: regimen-specific (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~10 mg/d typical (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1) · ~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1)

15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal) (1) · 30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (2) · Days for calcium effect; weeks for PTH suppression (1) · Days for immunosuppressive effect (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Hours (9) · Hours (faster than T4); peak biologic activity 24-48 hours (1) · Hours (PO); IV faster but rate-limited (1) · Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) · IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 5 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: minutes; oral: weeks to load (1) · PO 30-60 minutes; IV minutes (1) · PO: 30-60 minutes; IV: minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · Rheumatologic effect at 4-8 weeks; ectopic resolution over 2-3 weeks (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes (Fiasp 2.5 minutes earlier on average) (1) · Serum urate falls gradually over days to weeks; acute flare prevention requires colchicine cover during initiation (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment (1) · Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1)

12 hours (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (3) · 24-72 hours (1) · 3-5 hours (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (4) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6-12 hours systemic (1) · 6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) · 6-8 hours (2) · 8 hours per oral dose (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · Biologic 36-72 hours (long-acting) (1) · Biologic ~8-12 hours (short-acting) (1) · Dosing-frequency dependent (1) · Hours (1) · Hours per dose (much shorter biologic effect than ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol because it is the already-active form, not the storage form) (1) · IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1) · IV: ~2 hours; PO: 6-8 hours (1) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (2) · Once-weekly dosing in rheumatology (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1) · Tissue half-life supports once-daily and post-treatment effect (1) · Variable; depends on ongoing losses (1) · Weeks after discontinuation (extremely long half-life) (1)