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Choose a table:
Medicines (732)
Medicines
> mechanism:
TBD
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None
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5-HT2A agonist
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GABAA positive allosteric modulator
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Monoamine releasing agent
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CB1/CB2 agonist
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Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist
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Sodium channel blocker
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Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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GABAA potentiator; NMDA antagonist
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Phenothiazine D2 antagonist
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Potent 5-HT2A agonist
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5-HT1B/1D agonist
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LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist
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Mu-opioid receptor agonist
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Muscarinic receptor antagonist
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Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist
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Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
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GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine)
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GABAA potentiator and direct activator
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Irreversible non-selective MAO inhibitor
Other values:
1-acetyl-LSD; prodrug of LSD
5-HT1A agonist, 5-HT2A antagonist, with weaker activity at D4 and other receptors. Net effect involves enhanced prefrontal dopaminergic/noradrenergic tone with decreased serotonergic inhibition of sexual desire.
5-HT1B/1D agonist; alpha-adrenergic agonist
5-HT1B/1D agonist; long half-life
5-HT1F receptor agonist
5-HT2A agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist
5-HT2A agonist; D2 partial agonist
5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor
5-HT2A agonist; long duration
5-HT2A agonist; milder than other 2C-x
5-HT2A agonist; minor psilocybin mushroom alkaloid
5-HT2A agonist; primarily auditory effects
5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist
5-HT2A partial agonist
5-HT2A partial agonist; sigma-1 agonist
5-HT2C agonist; 5-HT2A antagonist; serotonin releasing agent
5-MeO-DMT is a potent 5-HT1A agonist (greater than 5-HT2A). Distinct from N,N-DMT in producing a more unitive, less visual, often ego-dissolving experience.
5HT1a
ACTH analogue; BDNF upregulator
AMPA modulator; catecholaminergic
AMPA receptor antagonist
AMPA receptor modulator
AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator
AMPA/NMDA modulator; NGF/BDNF upregulation
Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitor
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; nicotinic ACh receptor modulator
Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic.
Active metabolite of DXM; NMDA antagonist
Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist
Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis).
Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars.
Adenosine receptor antagonist
Adenosine receptor antagonist; dopaminergic
Adenosine receptor antagonist; phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Agonist at the metabotropic GABAB receptor and the endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor. Produces deep sleep with increased slow-wave architecture, suppression of REM intrusion, and cataplexy reduction.
Agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; exendin-4 derivative from Gila monster venom.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist
Alpha-adrenergic agonist; monoamine releaser
Alpha-methylated amphetamine analogue; norepinephrine releasing agent
Anticholinergic; NMDA antagonist
Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity
Biphasic activity at CB1: neutral antagonist at low doses, partial agonist at high doses; partial agonist at CB2.
Buprenorphine: high-affinity partial agonist at the μ-opioid receptor with ceiling effect on respiratory depression. Naloxone: abuse-deterrent, inactive SL but precipitates withdrawal if injected.
Butyrophenone D2 antagonist
CB1 partial agonist
CB1 partial agonist (lower potency than delta-9)
CB1/CB2 agonist (higher potency than THC)
CB1/CB2 partial agonist
CGRP receptor antagonist
CNS mechanism incompletely understood
Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside).
Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses.
Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols.
Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee.
Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts.
Cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. Selectivity is dose-dependent and partially lost at higher doses.
Cathinone analogue; monoamine reuptake inhibitor
Central and peripheral COMT inhibitor
Cleaves SNAP-25 protein in presynaptic motor and autonomic nerve terminals, blocking acetylcholine release; in chronic migraine, hypothesized to inhibit peripheral sensitization of trigeminovascular nociceptors
Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance.
Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant.
Competitive mu/kappa/delta opioid receptor antagonist
Contains LSA
Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine
Contains bufotenin and DMT
Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine
Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist
Contains mescaline
Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid
Contains psilocybin and psilocin
Contains salvinorin A
Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain.
Contains varying amounts of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, and gramine depending on strain and growing conditions.
D1/D2/D3 receptor agonist
D2 agonist; D1 partial agonist
D2 receptor agonist
D2 receptor antagonist; also H1, alpha-1, muscarinic antagonist
D2/5-HT2A antagonist
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; 5-HT7 antagonist
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; SRI and NRI
D2/5-HT2A antagonist; active metabolite of risperidone
DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist
DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations
Dibenzoxazepine D2/5-HT2 antagonist
Dihydroindolone D2 antagonist
Diphenhydramine salt; H1 antagonist
Diphenylbutylpiperidine D2 antagonist
Donepezil: reversible AChE inhibitor, increases synaptic acetylcholine. Memantine: uncompetitive low-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist, dampens pathological glutamate overactivation while preserving normal synaptic signaling. Targets two distinct mechanisms in Alzheimer's.
Dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT2A receptor antagonist'"`UNIQ--ref-0000008D-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008E-QINU`"'
Dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor; actoprotector
Dopamine precursor
Dopamine precursor + DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor; tropane analogue
Dual agonist of the [[GIP receptor]] and [[GLP-1 receptor]] ("twincretin").
Endogenous androgen binding to androgen receptors; mediates male secondary sex characteristics, anabolism, libido, erythropoiesis, and CNS effects on mood/energy/aggression. Aromatized peripherally to estradiol; reduced to DHT.
Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; vasoconstrictor
Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration
Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator
Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist
Fluorinated phenibut; GABAB agonist
Full CB1/CB2 agonist
GABA enhancer; sodium channel blocker; histone deacetylase inhibitor
GABA reuptake inhibitor (GAT-1 blocker)
GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"'
GABAA agonist
GABAA modulator; glycine receptor agonist
GABAA modulator; meprobamate prodrug
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; low sedation
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; prodrug of desmethyldiazepam
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life
GABAA potentiator
GABAA potentiator; glycine receptor agonist
GABAA potentiator; possible glycine/NMDA modulation
GABAA potentiator; ultra-short-acting
GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist
GABAB agonist; alpha-2-delta calcium channel ligand
Glutamate receptor agonist
Glutamate receptor antagonist; GABA modulator
H1 antagonist; muscarinic antagonist
H1 receptor antagonist
High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist
High-affinity choline uptake enhancer
Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine.
Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist
Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol.
Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting aggregated forms of amyloid-β (Aβ), soluble oligomers and insoluble fibrils. Reduces Aβ plaque burden on PET imaging via Fc-mediated microglial clearance. Whether plaque reduction translates to clinical benefit is the core controversy.
Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody binding CGRP peptide; IV infusion enables fastest onset of any CGRP mAb
Humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody binding both isoforms of CGRP peptide
Humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody binding the CGRP receptor (not the peptide); blocks CGRP-mediated vasodilation and nociceptive signaling
Humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody binding CGRP peptide; prevents CGRP from activating its receptor
Indirect sympathomimetic; norepinephrine releaser
Irreversible GABA-T inhibitor
Irreversible selective MAO-B inhibitor
Kappa agonist; mu antagonist
Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist
Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist
Kappa-opioid agonist; NMDA antagonist; SERT/DAT/NET inhibitor
Kappa-opioid receptor agonist
Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity
Local anti-inflammatory; TRPA1 antagonist at therapeutic doses
Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]].
Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; Fc-fusion construct.
Lysergic acid 2,4-dimethylazetidide; 5-HT2A agonist
Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide; 5-HT2A agonist
MAO inhibitor; monoamine releasing agent
MAO inhibitor; serotonin releasing agent
MAO-B inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; glutamate release inhibitor
Mechanism incompletely understood
Melatonin receptor agonist
Melatonin receptor agonist; 5-HT2C antagonist
Methaqualone analogue; GABAA potentiator
Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist
Monoamine releasing agent, TAAR1 agonism, VMAT2 substrate, DAT/NET reverse transport
Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist
Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor
Monoamine releasing agent; active ingredient in khat
Monoamine releasing agent; serotonergic at higher doses
Monoamine reuptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker
Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors
Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine)
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker
Mu/delta antagonist; kappa partial agonist
Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist
Multi-receptor antagonist (D2, 5-HT2A, H1, alpha)
Multiple mechanisms; GPR55 antagonist; TRPV1 agonist
Muscarinic receptor antagonist; dopamine reuptake inhibitor
N-methyl analogue of 2-AI
NMDA antagonist
NMDA antagonist; GABAA modulator
NMDA antagonist; GABAA potentiator
NMDA antagonist; SERT inhibitor; sigma-1 agonist
NMDA antagonist; dopamine releasing agent
NMDA antagonist; endogenous opioid releaser
NMDA antagonist; fluorinated ketamine analogue
NMDA antagonist; kappa-opioid agonist
NMDA antagonist; ketamine analogue
NMDA antagonist; more stimulating than PCP
NMDA antagonist; opioid agonist
NMDA antagonist; potent opioid agonist
NMDA antagonist; sigma receptor agonist
NMDA antagonist; sigma receptor agonist; dopaminergic
NMDA antagonist; sigma-1 agonist; serotonin reuptake inhibitor
NMDA-receptor antagonism
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
Non-selective competitive antagonist at β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Lipophilic; significant blood–brain barrier penetration, accounting for its CNS effects.
Non-selective dopamine receptor agonist
Norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent
Norepinephrine releaser
Norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent
Norepinephrine/dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET)
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Once-daily COMT inhibitor
Once-daily agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]].
Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid
Partial CB1/CB2 agonist
Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects
Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects.
Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist
Partial nicotinic ACh receptor agonist
Peripheral COMT inhibitor
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects.
Potent 5-HT2A agonist; no oral activity
Potent 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist
Potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration
Potent dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Potent dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor; also NRI
Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine.
Primary alkaloid is arecoline, a muscarinic agonist (M1, M2, M3, M4) and partial agonist at nicotinic receptors. Produces alertness, salivation, sweating, mild euphoria.
Primary alkaloid is cocaine, a tropane that blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine (and serotonin). At low oral doses from leaf chewing, the slow release favors NE-mediated alertness over DA-mediated euphoria.
Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation.
Prodrug of 4-HO-DET; 5-HT2A agonist
Prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT; 5-HT2A agonist
Prodrug of 4-HO-MET; 5-HT2A agonist
Prodrug of 4-HO-MiPT; 5-HT2A agonist
Prodrug of GHB
Prodrug of amphetamine + theophylline
Prodrug of modafinil
Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist
Prodrug of phenytoin; sodium channel blocker
Prodrug of psilocin; 5-HT2A agonist
Prodrug to [[Psilocin|psilocin]] (4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), a partial agonist at the [[Receptor:5-HT2A|5-HT2A]] serotonin receptor; the action that defines the classical-psychedelic mechanism
Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action.
R-enantiomer of modafinil; mechanism incompletely understood
Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline
Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline
Reversible inhibitor of MAO-A
Root bark contains ~1% N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related tryptamines. Oral activity requires MAOI co-administration.
SV2A ligand (higher affinity than levetiracetam)
Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit)
Selective M1 muscarinic antagonist
Selective NET inhibitor (no significant DAT activity, distinguishes from amphetamine/methylphenidate). Also: 5HT1A receptor partial agonism, 5HT2B and 5HT7 receptor antagonism. The serotonergic actions may underlie better tolerability and possibly different efficacy spectrum than atomoxetine.
Selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation; in the CNS, blunts noradrenergic hyperarousal thought to drive trauma-related nightmares.
Selective alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist
Selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DAT and NET inhibition). Unlike amphetamine, does not significantly release monoamines, pure reuptake inhibition.
Selective inhibitor of PDE5 with a substantially longer half-life than other PDE5 inhibitors, allowing once-daily continuous dosing.
Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses).
Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), preventing cGMP breakdown in vascular smooth muscle. In the corpus cavernosum, potentiates the NO/cGMP cascade triggered by sexual stimulation.
Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5); increases cGMP in cavernous smooth muscle, producing erection in response to sexual stimulation.
Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline.
Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist
Semi-synthetic; CB1 agonist
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin precursor; 5-hydroxytryptophan
Serotonin releaser; sigma-1 agonist
Serotonin releasing agent
Serotonin releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist
Serotonin releasing agent; monoamine reuptake inhibitor
Serotonin reuptake inhibitor and 5-HT2A antagonist
Serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist
Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced)
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Slow-inactivation sodium channel enhancer; CRMP-2 ligand
Small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist; intranasal formulation
Sodium channel blocker; GABAA positive allosteric modulator
Sodium channel modulator
Sodium/T-type calcium channel blocker; carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Source of DMT-class tryptamines
Source of [[DMT]], bufotenine, and 5-MeO-DMT
Source of [[DMT|N,N-dimethyltryptamine]]
Synthetic T4 (thyroxine); peripherally deiodinated to T3 (triiodothyronine), the active hormone. '"`UNIQ--vote-00000031-QINU`"' Narrow therapeutic index; brand-to-generic switches can shift TSH and require re-titration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000032-QINU`"'.
Synthetic THC; CB1/CB2 agonist
Synthetic cannabinoid; CB1/CB2 agonist
Synthetic neuroactive steroid (an analog of allopregnanolone), bioavailable orally unlike brexanolone. Positive allosteric modulator at GABA-A receptors including extrasynaptic δ-containing subtypes.
T-type calcium channel blocker
TAAR1 agonism, VMAT2 substrate, DAT/NET reverse transport, net release of dopamine and norepinephrine
THC + CBD; CB1/CB2 agonist
The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism.
Thioxanthene D2 antagonist
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonist; monoamine releaser
TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000040-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000041-QINU`"'
TrkB/BDNF'"`UNIQ--ref-00000084-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000085-QINU`"'
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism.
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine.
Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura.
Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist
Very potent 5-HT2A agonist; long duration
Weak CB1 partial agonist; weak CB2 partial agonist; multiple secondary targets.
Weak SRI; primarily H1/D2/alpha antagonist
Weak partial agonist at CB1 and CB2; alpha-2 adrenergic agonist; 5-HT1A antagonist; multiple TRP channel effects.
Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Anticholinergic burden (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, cognitive effects) is the principal adverse-event concern and the basis for Beers-list cautions in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Does not stimulate insulin secretion; minimal hypoglycemia risk as monotherapy. Cleared renally unchanged; dose-adjust by eGFR'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'. Rare lactic acidosis primarily in renal failure or acute illness.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Once converted, dextroamphetamine acts by displacing dopamine and norepinephrine from presynaptic vesicles via VMAT-2 and reversing DAT and NET transport, the shared mechanism of all amphetamine-class agents'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Strong CYP3A4 induction via the phenobarbital metabolite produces many interactions (reduces oral contraceptives, warfarin, many psychotropics). Essential-tremor efficacy is the unique pharmacological selling point'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"' CYP2D6 metabolism produces stereoselective clearance; CYP2D6 poor metabolizers have higher plasma exposure and may need lower doses'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"' Pediatric ingestion (capsule chewed or punctured) releases the free local anesthetic and causes seizures, cardiac arrhythmia, and death'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"' The favorable pregnancy safety profile and the dual mechanism support its first-line role in pregnancy-associated hypertension and in hypertensive emergencies where rapid, controllable BP reduction is needed'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' Bicarbonate is not benign: high-volume use produces hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia, and (in arrest) paradoxical intracellular acidosis'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' '''Priapism''' is a recognized rare adverse effect via α1 antagonism in penile vasculature and is the marquee counseling point for male patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' Anticholinergic and sedating, with the standard first-generation antihistamine Beers-list concerns in elderly patients'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Once-daily dosing is a clinical advantage over short-half-life NSAIDs'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Sedation and hypotension are the dose-limiting effects; gradual titration and bedtime or split dosing mitigate both. Abrupt discontinuation can precipitate rebound hypertension, particularly with long-standing use'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Therapeutic plasma-level monitoring is standard practice for TCAs given the narrow therapeutic index and the established plasma-level-efficacy correlation. CYP2D6 substrate; CPIC PGx guidance applies for dose individualization'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' '''QT prolongation''' risk at high doses prompted the FDA's 2015 caution against use in patients with prolonged QT or with concurrent QT-prolonging medicines'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' CYP2C19 + CYP3A4 metabolism, with CPIC PGx guidance: poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have ~3-fold higher exposure and benefit from a lower starting dose; ultrarapid metabolizers may have inadequate response'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' Major Beers-list concern in elderly patients for cognitive and fall risks. CYP2D6 substrate. At massive overdose, also produces sodium channel blockade with cardiac toxicity'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--effect-0000001F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000032-QINU`"' Brand-to-brand and lot-to-lot variability in T3:T4 ratio is greater than with synthetic levothyroxine, which is why endocrine guidelines prefer the synthetic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000033-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000037-QINU`"' Hypertonic 3% is the standard urgent treatment of severely symptomatic hyponatremia'"`UNIQ--ref-00000038-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000049-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000004E-QINU`"' The EPA+DHA mix is biochemically and clinically distinct from icosapent ethyl'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000053-QINU`"' Also raises bradykinin, contributing to vasodilation and the characteristic dry cough. Renally cleared, unmetabolized; dose-adjust by eGFR'"`UNIQ--ref-00000054-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000054-QINU`"' The clinical efficacy endpoint is adequate visualization at colonoscopy, scored by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000073-QINU`"' The long half-life gives smooth, once-daily BP control with low rebound. CYP3A4 substrate; pedal edema is the characteristic, dose-related, non-fluid-overload side effect'"`UNIQ--ref-00000074-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000086-QINU`"' Calcium content is a relative contraindication for co-administration with citrated blood products through the same line'"`UNIQ--ref-00000087-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000093-QINU`"' At higher doses β2 selectivity is lost, producing β1 effects (tachycardia, tremor) and hypokalemia from intracellular potassium shift'"`UNIQ--ref-00000094-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000B6-QINU`"' Active metabolite EXP3174 is ~10-40-fold more potent than the parent and accounts for most of the antihypertensive effect; CYP2C9 polymorphism affects conversion'"`UNIQ--ref-000000B7-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000D8-QINU`"' Recovery of acid output requires synthesis of new pump enzyme. CYP2C19 substrate; PGx genotype substantially affects exposure and efficacy'"`UNIQ--ref-000000D9-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000F7-QINU`"' Minimal CYP3A4 dependence (CYP2C9 minor) reduces drug-drug interactions; transport in and out of hepatocytes is largely via OATP1B1, making SLCO1B1 PGx genotype the most clinically actionable marker for statin-associated myopathy'"`UNIQ--ref-000000F8-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000117-QINU`"' Compared with omeprazole, pantoprazole has a more linear pharmacokinetic profile and is metabolized predominantly via CYP2C19 with CYP3A4 contribution; less CYP2C19-driven drug interaction with clopidogrel than omeprazole'"`UNIQ--ref-00000118-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000138-QINU`"' Decreases urinary calcium (used in stone prevention); raises serum uric acid, glucose, and lipids modestly; non-anion-gap hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis is the characteristic electrolyte pattern'"`UNIQ--ref-00000139-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000199-QINU`"' Extends ampicillin's spectrum with better oral bioavailability. Susceptible to β-lactamases; clavulanate co-administration restores activity against many resistant organisms'"`UNIQ--ref-0000019A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000001F6-QINU`"' CYP3A4 (primary) and P-glycoprotein substrate; strong dual inhibitors or inducers materially shift exposure. Reversal: andexanet alfa for life-threatening bleeding; 4F-PCC commonly used off-label when andexanet unavailable'"`UNIQ--ref-000001F7-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000237-QINU`"' Binds the same insulin receptor as endogenous insulin with comparable mitogenic-to-metabolic ratio; provides basal hepatic glucose suppression and peripheral glucose uptake without prandial peaks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000238-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000255-QINU`"' Less potent and shorter-acting than PPIs but with faster on-effect; suitable for on-demand acid suppression. Largely renally cleared; dose-adjust in renal impairment to avoid CNS effects (confusion in elderly)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000002D7-QINU`"' Hypoglycemia is the central risk, especially in elderly and renally impaired patients (glipizide has shorter half-life than glyburide, which is one reason it is preferred in older adults). CYP2C9 substrate; weight gain typical.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000032A-QINU`"' D3 (cholecalciferol) is more potent at raising serum 25(OH)D per dose; D2 remains widely prescribed in the US Rx 50,000 IU formulation'"`UNIQ--ref-0000032B-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000391-QINU`"' Minimal CYP metabolism; mostly renally cleared unchanged. Cetirizine is the active racemate; levocetirizine is the active R-enantiomer marketed separately'"`UNIQ--ref-00000392-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003D1-QINU`"' SLCO1B1 polymorphism affects exposure but is most clinically actionable for simvastatin'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D2-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000042C-QINU`"' D3 is more potent than D2 at raising and sustaining serum 25(OH)D per dose, and is the more common OTC formulation; D2 remains the dominant Rx 50,000 IU formulation in the US for historical reasons.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004A9-QINU`"' Modest HDL rise; LDL effects mixed. Renally cleared; combination with statin carries elevated myopathy risk (greater for gemfibrozil than fenofibrate, but caution still warranted)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004AA-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004C8-QINU`"' Largely hepatically cleared (~80% biliary); no active metabolite. Sacubitril-valsartan (Entresto) combines an ARB with neprilysin inhibition for HFrEF and was a notable advance over the ARB-alone trial (PARADIGM-HF, 2014)'"`UNIQ--ref-000004C9-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000050D-QINU`"' CYP3A4 (primary) and P-glycoprotein substrate; strong dual inhibitors or inducers materially shift exposure. Reversal: andexanet alfa for life-threatening bleeding; 4F-PCC commonly used off-label when andexanet unavailable'"`UNIQ--ref-0000050E-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000584-QINU`"' Binds the same insulin receptor as endogenous insulin with comparable mitogenic-to-metabolic ratio. Ultra-rapid formulations (Lyumjev) add treprostinil and citrate to accelerate absorption further'"`UNIQ--ref-00000585-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"' Selectivity comes from the viral-kinase-only initial phosphorylation step, which is why uninfected cells generate minimal active drug'"`UNIQ--ref-000005D1-QINU`"'. Dose-adjust by renal function; rare crystalline nephropathy with rapid IV acyclovir.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061E-QINU`"' Less reliably anticholinergic than first-generation H1s; minimal antiemetic effect. Desloratadine (Clarinex) is the active enantiomer-of-metabolite version marketed as a Rx alternative.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000063C-QINU`"' Avoid in HFrEF (negative inotropy). CYP3A4 substrate AND moderate inhibitor — interacts substantially with statins (especially simvastatin), tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and many other CYP3A4 substrates'"`UNIQ--ref-0000063D-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000006BE-QINU`"' Drug-holiday concept (3-5 years on, 1-2 years off) emerged from FLEX and long-term safety data balancing fracture protection against atypical femoral fracture and osteonecrosis of the jaw signals'"`UNIQ--ref-000006BF-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000762-QINU`"' Largely renally cleared, hence the eGFR-tiered dosing. Rare but well-documented signals: acute pancreatitis (uncertain causal contribution), severe joint pain, and bullous pemphigoid (class effect, especially in older Asian patients)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000763-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000083E-QINU`"' CYP2C9 substrate; no clinically active metabolites. The IDNT trial established renoprotection in diabetic nephropathy independent of BP lowering, contributing to the ARB class indication in T2DM with proteinuria'"`UNIQ--ref-0000083F-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000860-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. Unlike prednisone, it does not require hepatic activation, making it the preferred oral choice in severe hepatic dysfunction'"`UNIQ--ref-00000861-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008BE-QINU`"' Preferred over prednisone in advanced hepatic dysfunction where hepatic 11β-HSD1 activation is impaired. Liquid formulations are the workhorse pediatric oral corticosteroid for asthma and croup'"`UNIQ--ref-000008BF-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008E1-QINU`"' Like omeprazole, it is an acid-activated prodrug that covalently and irreversibly binds the H+/K+ ATPase. CYP2C19 PGx remains clinically relevant for both'"`UNIQ--ref-000008E2-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000950-QINU`"' Mostly renally cleared unchanged; dose-reduce in renal impairment. Like cetirizine, retains slightly more sedation than fexofenadine in some users'"`UNIQ--ref-00000951-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000975-QINU`"' Hyperammonemic encephalopathy (consider in any unexplained CNS depression), thrombocytopenia, and polycystic ovary syndrome are characteristic chronic-use adverse effects beyond hepatic and pancreatic risks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000976-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000009FD-QINU`"' Active against gram-positive cocci including MRSA; the unique target underlies the absence of cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes. High-level resistance (plasmid-mediated mupA) is rising and limits prolonged or repeated use'"`UNIQ--ref-000009FE-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A1D-QINU`"' Like other ACE inhibitors, it raises bradykinin (driving the dry cough and rare angioedema). Renally cleared; dose-adjust in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A1E-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000AEA-QINU`"' The 24-hour half-life supports once-daily dosing with consistent overnight BP control. Largely hepatically cleared (~98% biliary); no significant renal clearance dependence'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AEB-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B40-QINU`"' The TRANSFORM-HF trial (2023) found no all-cause mortality difference between torsemide and furosemide in heart failure, although torsemide remains pharmacologically preferred where furosemide oral absorption is unreliable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B41-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction).
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D11-QINU`"' Same mechanistic family as amphotericin B but with prohibitive systemic toxicity at therapeutic doses, hence restriction to topical and luminal-gut indications. No clinically meaningful resistance after decades of use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D12-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000DFA-QINU`"' CYP3A4 substrate; QT-interval prolongation has been reported at higher doses. Like other antimuscarinics, contributes to cumulative anticholinergic burden in older adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DFB-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4A-QINU`"' The narrow safe-bolus window for IV use (sharp risk of arrhythmia, hypertensive emergency, intracerebral hemorrhage) is why anaphylaxis dosing is '''IM, not IV''', outside critical care'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E4B-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000ECD-QINU`"' Agranulocytosis is the most-feared adverse effect (~0.3%, usually first 90 days of treatment; warn patients to seek urgent CBC for fever or severe sore throat). Hepatotoxicity is class-recognized but more often associated with PTU'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ECE-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001014-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. The dipropionate, valerate, and augmented dipropionate ester forms determine topical potency (high to super-high)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001015-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000104D-QINU`"' Adequate hydration is at least as important as the drug in producing the expectorant effect clinically. Used in combination with dextromethorphan, decongestants, or antihistamines in many proprietary OTC cold preparations.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001067-QINU`"' Chronic use is associated with cathartic colon (colonic dilation, loss of haustration), hypokalemia, and laxative dependence; reserved for short-term use or bowel prep with breaks between courses'"`UNIQ--ref-00001068-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010F8-QINU`"' Pre-treatment screening for latent TB (PPD or IGRA) and chronic hepatitis B is standard. Anti-drug antibody formation is a recognized cause of secondary loss of response'"`UNIQ--ref-000010F9-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000111B-QINU`"' Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is a recognized class effect. Recently emerging evidence (observational) suggests possible Parkinson's disease risk reduction via PGK1 binding — investigational and not a clinical indication'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111C-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000113A-QINU`"' Concomitant β-blocker or CCB is required when used for AF to prevent 1:1 atrial flutter conduction (flecainide can slow atrial rate to a level where AV conduction allows dangerous ventricular rates). CYP2D6 substrate'"`UNIQ--ref-0000113B-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001197-QINU`"' Extracellular cGMP separately activates submucosal sensory afferents in a way that reduces visceral pain perception, distinguishing linaclotide from purely osmotic laxatives in IBS-C. Diarrhea is the dose-limiting effect'"`UNIQ--ref-00001198-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011F4-QINU`"' Like all NSAIDs, raises CV thrombotic risk modestly (FDA 2014/2015 advisory) and produces GI, renal, hypertensive, and platelet-inhibitory effects characteristic of the class'"`UNIQ--ref-000011F5-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001233-QINU`"' Onychomycosis cure rates with nail lacquer are modest (mycologic cure ~30-50%, complete cure ~5-12% at 48 weeks); oral terbinafine remains substantially more effective when systemic therapy is acceptable'"`UNIQ--ref-00001234-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124C-QINU`"' The 400 mg/d dose for migraine prophylaxis is supported by randomized trials (Schoenen 1998) and remains a low-risk evidence-based supplement option. Characteristic bright-yellow urine fluorescence with high-dose oral supplementation.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001269-QINU`"' Renal, GI, hypertensive, and CV effects parallel the class profile; modest COX-2 preference may underlie some literature suggesting slightly better GI tolerability than non-selective NSAIDs, though clinically the difference is small'"`UNIQ--ref-0000126A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001302-QINU`"' Renally cleared; accumulation in advanced CKD can produce neuromuscular and cardiac depression. Hypomagnesemia frequently co-exists with hypokalemia and is often the reason refractory potassium loss does not correct until magnesium is repleted.
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000132D-QINU`"' Electrolyte-balanced bowel-prep formulations are designed to be iso-osmotic with plasma so the volume passes through without net fluid or electrolyte shifts, the basis of their safety for whole-bowel evacuation.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001356-QINU`"' Binds the same insulin receptor as endogenous insulin with comparable mitogenic-to-metabolic ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-00001357-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000013EE-QINU`"' Higher-dose Aygestin (5 mg) achieves more reliable ovulation suppression and is used for endometriosis and DUB. POP requires strict daily timing because the 24-hour cervical-mucus effect window is narrower than COC'"`UNIQ--ref-000013EF-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014BC-QINU`"' Topical ophthalmic and otic formulations remain widely used in ENT and ophthalmology. Subject to all fluoroquinolone-class restrictions (tendinitis/rupture, peripheral neuropathy, QT prolongation)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014BD-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014DD-QINU`"' The combination is the most-prescribed opioid analgesic in the US for moderate-to-severe acute pain. CPIC PGx guidance addresses CYP2D6-driven exposure variation'"`UNIQ--ref-000014DE-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014F7-QINU`"' Falling out of favor for acute pain due to aspirin's GI bleeding and antiplatelet effects compared with acetaminophen-opioid combinations; still used in selected indications'"`UNIQ--ref-000014F8-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001513-QINU`"' The combination with acetaminophen provides additive non-opioid analgesia and lowers required codeine dose. CYP2D6 PGx is one of the most clinically actionable in current pharmacology; CPIC supports genotype-guided opioid selection'"`UNIQ--ref-00001514-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001549-QINU`"' Metabolic effects (weight gain, dyslipidemia, glucose dysregulation) dominate the long-term tolerability profile; routine metabolic monitoring is standard'"`UNIQ--ref-0000154A-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001580-QINU`"' First FDA-approved treatment for PBA. The 10 mg quinidine daily dose is far below antiarrhythmic levels but sufficient to nearly fully inhibit CYP2D6, the basis of the combination's pharmacokinetic rationale'"`UNIQ--ref-00001581-QINU`"'.
'"`UNIQ--vote-000015CE-QINU`"' The dual-mechanism design exploits the inflammatory component of migraine that triptan monotherapy does not fully address. Risk of serotonin syndrome with SSRIs/SNRIs is theoretical but generally not seen clinically at triptan doses'"`UNIQ--ref-000015CF-QINU`"'.
µ-opioid agonism
Search
uses:
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starting dose:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
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~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose
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'''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men
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0.25 mg
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0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy
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0.4 mg PO once daily, 30 minutes after the same meal each day
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0.5 mg PO once daily
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0.5-1 mg PO/IV once or twice daily; titrate to clinical response. Approximate equipotency: bumetanide 1 mg ≈ furosemide 40 mg ≈ torsemide 20 mg
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0.5-2 mg/kg/d divided or single morning dose for acute conditions; lowest effective dose for chronic conditions, with planned taper
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0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose
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0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use
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0.75 mg SC weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"'
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1 capsule (20/10 mg dextromethorphan/quinidine) PO once daily × 7 days, then 1 capsule BID
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1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt)
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1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening
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1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime
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1 g PO QID on an empty stomach (1 hour before meals and at bedtime); 1 g BID for maintenance
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1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN)
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1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg
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1 mg PO once daily
Other values:
1 tablet (4.8355 mg oxycodone / 325 mg aspirin) PO every 6 hours as needed
1 tablet (85/500 mg sumatriptan/naproxen) PO at migraine onset; may repeat after 2 hours if needed; maximum 2 tablets per 24 hours
1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID
1-2 capsules (50 mg butalbital / 325 mg acetaminophen / 40 mg caffeine each) PO every 4 hours as needed; maximum 6 capsules/d
1-2 capsules (50 mg butalbital / 325 mg aspirin / 40 mg caffeine each) PO every 4 hours as needed; maximum 6 capsules/d
1-2 mg PO once daily with breakfast; titrate by glycemic response
1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed
1.6 mcg/kg/d in young healthy adults; 25-50 mcg/d in elderly or cardiac disease, titrated by TSH at 6-8 weeks
10 mg
10 mg (one spray) intranasally in one nostril
10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned)
10 mg PO once daily
10 mg PO once daily (5 mg if on a diuretic); titrate to 40 mg
10 mg PO once daily (5 mg in older adults or if sedation occurs)
10 mg PO once daily in the evening (adults); 4-5 mg in children
10 mg PO once daily in the morning; 5 mg starting in heart failure
10 mg PO once daily in the morning; may titrate to 25 mg for additional glycemic effect
10 mg PO once daily × 7 days, then 20 mg × 7 days, then 40 mg as target dose (take with food)
10 mg PO once daily, with or without food
10 mg PO once daily; may increase to 20 mg as tolerated, or decrease to 5 mg if needed
10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed
10 mg PO/IV/IM QID, '''not to exceed 12 weeks''' (tardive dyskinesia risk); intranasal Gimoti 15 mg BID
10 mg PRN; 2.5–5 mg daily for continuous coverage / BPH
10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity
10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks
10-20 mEq PO daily for prevention; treat established hypokalemia per measured deficit, typically 40-100 mEq/d in divided doses; IV 10 mEq/h peripheral, 20 mEq/h central with telemetry
10-20 mg PO once daily
10-20 mg PO once daily (5 mg in Asian ancestry, elderly, hypothyroidism, or strong CYP/SLCO1B1 interactions)
10-20 mg PO once daily in the evening (40 mg starting allowed for high CV risk)
10-20 mg PO/IV once daily; titrate by clinical response. 1:1 IV to PO conversion (unlike furosemide's 1:2)
10-40 mg PO daily depending on hyperthyroidism severity; titrate by clinical and biochemical response (target TSH/free T4)
100 mg IV every 3 months; may increase to 300 mg IV every 3 months
100 mg PO BID × 5 days (Macrobid) for cystitis; 50-100 mg HS for chronic prophylaxis
100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex
100 mg PO once daily (50 mg if CrCl 30-44; 25 mg if <30 or dialysis)
100 mg PO once daily; titrate by 100 mg every 2-4 weeks to a serum urate target (typically <6 mg/dL, or <5 in tophaceous disease)
100 mg at bedtime daily
100 mg ~15 min before sexual activity
100-200 mg PO TID (max 600 mg/d)
100-200 mg PO TID after meals × no more than 2 days when used with concurrent antibiotic
100-200 mg PO once or twice daily; pediatric weight-based
1000 mg PO once daily; 500-2000 mg/d in single or divided doses
10–40 mg (situational anxiety); 40 mg BID (HTN)
12.5 mg PO once or twice daily. Titrate gradually: 25-50 mg/day increments every 1-2 days as tolerated. Target dose 300-450 mg/day in divided doses (BID or TID). Most patients stabilize between 200-600 mg/day. Therapeutic plasma level guide: target trough clozapine ≥350 ng/mL.
12.5-25 mg PO once daily
12.5-25 mg PO once daily; titrate to 50 mg
140 mg SC every 2 weeks OR 420 mg SC monthly (3 consecutive injections 5 minutes apart due to volume)
145 mcg PO once daily for chronic idiopathic constipation; 290 mcg daily for IBS-C; pediatric 72 mcg daily
15 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 30-45 mg/day after 1-2 weeks. '''Counterintuitive dose paradox''': lower doses (7.5-15 mg) are more sedating than higher doses because H1 antihistamine effect dominates at low dose
15-30 mg PO once daily; titrate to 45 mg
15-37.5 mg PO once daily before breakfast or 1-2 hours after; Lomaira 8 mg TID
150 mg PO once daily; titrate to 300 mg if needed
18 mcg DPI once daily (HandiHaler); 2.5 mcg per actuation × 2 inhalations once daily (Respimat)
2 g PO BID with meals (4 g/d total)
2 mg PO every 6-8 hours; titrate by 2-4 mg per dose every 1-4 days; maximum single dose 16 mg, maximum daily dose 36 mg
2 tablets (75 mg tramadol / 650 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 8 tablets/day for ≤5 days
2.25 g at bedtime + 2.25 g 2.5–4 h later; titrate weekly to 6–9 g/night total
2.5 mg IR, 5 mg XR, or 12.5mg Mydayis
2.5 mg PO once daily (1.25 mg in CHF or volume depletion); titrate to 5-10 mg/d
2.5 mg SC weekly × 4 wk (non-therapeutic ramp)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FB-QINU`"'
2.5-5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg/d
2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration)
20 mg PO QID (start 10 mg and titrate); IM 20 mg q6h short-term
20 mg PO once daily 30-60 minutes before breakfast
20 mg PO once daily with the evening meal; titrate to 40-80 mg/d
20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/d after 2 weeks if needed
20 mg PO once daily; titrate to 40 mg/day after 1 week if tolerated. Elderly (>60) and hepatic impairment: 20 mg/day ceiling
20 mg PO twice daily, or 40 mg at bedtime
20-40 mg PO once daily, 30-60 minutes before breakfast
20-40 mg PO/IV; titrate by clinical response. In diuretic-resistant heart failure or CKD, doses to 200 mg or higher may be needed
200-400 mg PO daily; '''dose by actual body weight ≤5 mg/kg/d''' to reduce retinopathy risk (AAO 2016 guideline)
200-400 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed. OTC max 1200 mg/day without provider direction; prescription max 3200 mg/day divided
200-400 mg PO q4h (IR); 600-1200 mg PO q12h (Mucinex 12-Hour ER)
225 mg SC monthly, or 675 mg SC every 3 months (quarterly)
25 mg
25 mg (schizophrenia, immediate-release); 50 mg (bipolar mania, immediate-release); 50 mg (Seroquel XR, schizophrenia or bipolar)
25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate
25 mg PO once daily for HFrEF and primary aldosteronism; up to 100 mg/d for ascites; 50-200 mg/d for hirsutism
25 mg PO once daily; titrate to 50 mg after 4-8 weeks if needed
25-50 mg PO once daily; titrate to 100 mg/day
250-500 mg PO BID × 7-14 days; IV 1.5 g q8h for serious infections
250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation
250-500 mg PO every 6-8 hours
25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF
30 mg PO daily (1/2 grain); titrate by TSH at 6-8 weeks; 60 mg desiccated thyroid is approximately equivalent to 88-100 mcg levothyroxine
300 mg PO BID, or 600 mg PO once daily, ×5-10 days; pediatric 14 mg/kg/d
300 mg PO at bedtime night 1, 300 mg BID day 2, 300 mg TID day 3; titrate to clinical effect, commonly 1800-3600 mg/day divided TID
325 mg PO daily to TID (=65 mg elemental iron/tablet); alternate-day dosing is now favored by hepcidin physiology for better absorption with less GI burden
325-1000 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed; maximum 4 g/d in healthy adults, 3 g/d in regular users or hepatic risk; pediatric 10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours
34 mg PO once daily
4 L oral solution (GoLYTELY-class) split-dose: 2 L evening before, 2 L morning of procedure; low-volume products (MoviPrep, Plenvu) use 1-2 L with required clear-fluid intake
4 g PO daily (as 4 x 1 g capsules once daily, or 2 capsules BID)
4 mg PO initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool, '''not to exceed 16 mg/d''' (8 mg OTC); chronic-use lower
4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention
40 mg PO once daily (10-20 mg in elderly, hepatic impairment, or strong drug interactions)
40 mg PO once daily; titrate to 80 mg
40 mg PO or IV once daily
40 mg SC every other week (most adult indications); IBD induction 160 mg week 0, 80 mg week 2, then 40 mg every other week
400 mg PO/IV once daily
42 mg PO once daily with food (no titration)
5 mg / 325 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed; total acetaminophen <3 g/d
5 mg PO
5 mg PO TID or 7.5 mg PO BID; titrate by 5 mg every 2-3 days to clinical effect, commonly 30-60 mg/day divided BID-TID
5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate
5 mg PO daily for BPH; 1 mg PO daily for androgenetic alopecia
5 mg PO once daily (no renal dose adjustment, unlike sitagliptin)
5 mg PO once daily at bedtime; titrate to 10 mg/day after 4-6 weeks. Severe Alzheimer disease: may escalate to 23 mg/day. Adlarity patch: 5 or 10 mg/day applied weekly
5 mg PO once daily in the evening
5 mg PO once daily, 30 minutes before breakfast; XL: 5 mg with breakfast
5 mg PO once daily; titrate by 5 mg weekly to target 10 mg PO BID. XR formulation: 7 mg/day, titrate to 28 mg/day
5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg after 2 weeks if needed
5 mg daily
5-10 mg PO at migraine onset; may repeat after 2 hours, maximum 30 mg/24 hours
5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg if on diuretic or in heart failure); titrate to 10-20 mg BID for HFrEF
5-10 mg PO once daily (2.5 mg in heart failure, hyponatremia, or volume depletion)
5-15 mg PO once at bedtime; 10 mg PR for faster effect; bowel prep regimens use higher single doses
50 mg PO BID; titrate to 100-200 mg BID; pill-in-pocket 200-300 mg PO single dose for AF conversion
50 mg PO at bedtime; titrate by 50 mg every 4-7 days to clinical effect. Total daily doses >100 mg divided BID. Luvox CR: 100 mg PO once daily, may titrate to 300 mg/day
50 mg PO daily (25 mg in volume depletion or hepatic impairment)
50 mg PO once daily ('''no titration required''', distinguishing it favorably from venlafaxine)
50 mg PO once daily with fatty food in the evening × 14 days
50 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH)
500 mg PO TID or 875 mg PO BID for most indications; 80-90 mg/kg/d divided BID in pediatric otitis media
500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID
500 mg PO day 1, then 250 mg PO daily days 2-5 (Z-Pak); 1 g PO single dose for chlamydia; pediatric dosing 10 mg/kg day 1, 5 mg/kg days 2-5
500 mg PO every 6 hours, or 250 mg every 6 hours for mild infections
500 mg PO once or twice daily with meals; titrate weekly to limit GI effects
500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h
500-750 mg PO/IV once daily
6/25 mg PO once daily in the evening; titrate within range 3/25 to 18/75 mg by clinical response and tolerability
60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily
7.5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 15 mg daily if needed. Vivlodex 5 mg PO once daily, max 10 mg
70 mg SC monthly; may increase to 140 mg monthly
700 mg IV q4w × 3 doses, then 1400 mg IV q4w; may discontinue when amyloid PET shows clearance
75 mg PO once daily for maintenance; 300-600 mg PO loading dose in ACS or before PCI
80-160 mg PO once daily (40 mg BID in HFrEF, titrating up to 160 mg BID)
A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours
A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual)
ACS/PCI: 180 mg PO loading dose, then 90 mg PO BID for 12 months; long-term post-MI: 60 mg BID
ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments
ADHD: 30 mg PO once daily in the morning; titrate by 10-20 mg weekly to clinical effect. Binge-eating disorder: 30 mg/day, titrate to 50-70 mg/day
Active UC: Lialda 2.4-4.8 g PO once daily, Apriso 1.5 g PO once daily; maintenance 1.2-2.4 g/d; rectal Rowasa enema 4 g HS for distal disease; Canasa 1 g suppository HS for proctitis
Acute gout: 1.2 mg PO at first symptom, then 0.6 mg 1 hour later (total 1.8 mg in 1 hour, the FDA-revised regimen); prophylaxis 0.6 mg PO daily or BID; FMF 1-2 mg/d; pericarditis 0.5-0.6 mg BID for 3 months; Lodoco 0.5 mg PO daily for CV risk reduction
Acute gout: 50 mg PO TID until symptom relief, then taper; maximum 200 mg/day for 3-5 days. Rheumatoid arthritis / osteoarthritis: 25-50 mg PO BID-TID. Patent ductus arteriosus: 0.2 mg/kg IV, then 0.1-0.2 mg/kg every 12-24 hours for 2 doses
Acute migraine: 75 mg PO at onset, maximum one dose per 24 hours. Preventive: 75 mg PO every other day
Adult monotherapy: 300 mg PO BID, titrate by 300 mg every 3 days. Pediatric: weight-based titration starting 8-10 mg/kg/day divided BID
Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed.
Adult: 500 mg PO BID, titrate by 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks. Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg/day divided BID, weight-titrated
Allergy: 25 mg PO BID-QID. Nausea/vomiting: 12.5-25 mg PO/IM/IV/PR every 4-6 hours. Motion sickness: 25 mg PO 30-60 minutes before travel. '''Pediatric <2 years: contraindicated'''
Allergy: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours. Insomnia: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime. IV (acute dystonia, severe allergic reaction): 25-50 mg slow IV push
Allergy: 4 mg PO TID. Serotonin syndrome: 12 mg loading dose PO or by nasogastric tube, then 2 mg every 2 hours until clinical improvement. Appetite stimulation: 2-4 mg PO TID-QID
Anaphylaxis IM 0.3-0.5 mg (adult) into lateral thigh, repeat q5-15 minutes prn; pediatric 0.01 mg/kg IM (max 0.3 mg, max 0.5 mg in adolescents); cardiac arrest 1 mg IV/IO q3-5 minutes; severe asthma neb 0.1 mg/kg up to 5 mg; never IV bolus for anaphylaxis outside critical care
Antenatal: Celestone Soluspan 12 mg IM q24h × 2 doses; topical: pea-sized amount BID; intra-articular varies by joint
Antiplatelet: 81 mg PO once daily. Acute MI/stroke: 162-325 mg chewed. Analgesic: 325-650 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed
Anxiety: 0.25 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.125-0.25 mg every 3 days to target 1-4 mg/day divided. Seizures: 1.5 mg/day divided TID, titrate by 0.5-1 mg every 3 days
Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM
Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO 2-4 times daily. Alcohol withdrawal: 10-20 mg PO/IV every 4-6 hours, symptom-triggered. Status epilepticus: 5-10 mg IV. Breakthrough seizures: Diastat rectal 0.2-0.5 mg/kg or Valtoco intranasal 5-20 mg
Anxiety: 25-50 mg PO QID. Pruritus: 25 mg PO TID-QID. Insomnia: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime. Pediatric: 50-100 mg/day divided
Apply a thin film to affected area BID; '''limit to 2 weeks''' continuous use and ≤50 g/week (cream/ointment); ≤50 mL/week (foam/solution); avoid face, intertriginous areas
Apply thin layer to hyperpigmented areas BID; limit to 4-6 month courses to avoid ochronosis
Byetta: 5 µg SC twice daily, within 60 min before morning and evening meals'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E3-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise: 2 mg SC once weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E4-QINU`"'
Children ≤70 kg: 0.5 mg/kg/day, titrate to 1.2 mg/kg/day after 3 days. Adults and children >70 kg: 40 mg PO once daily for 3 days, then 80 mg/day, then if needed 100 mg/day after 2-4 weeks
Chronic migraine (PREEMPT protocol): 155 units divided across 31 sites in 7 head/neck muscle groups every 12 weeks
Constipation: 15-30 mL PO daily (titrate to 1-2 soft stools/day); hepatic encephalopathy: 20-30 g (30-45 mL) PO/PR every 1-2 hours acutely until soft stools, then BID-QID to target 2-3 soft stools/day
Constipation: 17 g (one capful) PO daily dissolved in 4-8 oz fluid; bowel prep: 4 L of PEG-electrolyte solution split-dose evening before and morning of procedure
Contraception: Depo-Provera 150 mg IM every 13 weeks; Depo-SubQ 104 mg SC every 12-13 weeks; oral cycling: 5-10 mg PO daily ×5-10 days for amenorrhea
Deficiency: 50,000 IU PO weekly for 8-12 weeks, then maintenance 800-2,000 IU/day; maintenance OTC dosing typically 800-2,000 IU/d
Depression (rarely used now): 25-75 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to 150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain / migraine prophylaxis: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate by 10-25 mg weekly to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions apply)
Depression: 25 mg PO TID-QID or 75 mg at bedtime, titrate to 75-150 mg/day. Neuropathic pain: 10-25 mg at bedtime, titrate to 50-100 mg/day. Elderly: 10 mg at bedtime (Beers-list cautions, though less than amitriptyline)
Depression: 25-75 mg/day to start, titrate to 75-150 mg/day at bedtime. Insomnia (Silenor): 3 mg PO 30 minutes before bedtime, max 6 mg. Topical (Prudoxin): apply to affected area every 3-4 hours
ER 180-240 mg PO once daily; IR 30 mg PO QID; IV 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min for acute rate control, then 5-15 mg/h infusion
ER 30-60 mg PO once daily; immediate-release 10 mg PO TID (now rarely used for hypertension due to reflex tachycardia)
For patients already stable on memantine 28 mg/d + donepezil 10 mg/d, switch to one capsule daily of equivalent strength
Formulation-dependent. Gels: 40–50 mg topically daily. Cypionate/enanthate IM: 50–100 mg weekly. Undecanoate IM: 750 mg q10w. Patch: 4 mg/d.
General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported
HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily
Heart failure: 3.125 mg PO BID, doubling every 2 weeks as tolerated to target 25 mg BID (50 mg BID if >85 kg). Hypertension: 6.25 mg PO BID, titrate to 25 mg BID
Hypothyroidism: 5-25 mcg PO daily (start low, titrate slowly); myxedema coma: 5-20 mcg IV q4-12h with T4 loading
ICS Pulmicort Flexhaler 180-360 mcg BID; intranasal Rhinocort 64 mcg/spray, 1-2 sprays/nostril daily; Entocort EC 9 mg PO daily for active Crohn's; Symbicort 80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg, 2 puffs BID
IM: 60 mg single dose or 30 mg every 6 hours. IV: 30 mg every 6 hours. Oral (continuation only): 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Sprix nasal: 31.5 mg every 6-8 hours. '''Maximum 5 days total combined use'''
IR 1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly; XL 4-8 mg PO daily
IR 200-400 mg PO every 6-8 hours; ER 400-1000 mg PO once daily
IR 5 mg PO BID-TID; ER 5-10 mg PO daily, titrate; transdermal patch 3.9 mg/d twice weekly (OTC)
IR 5 mg PO TID; titrate to 10 mg TID if needed. Amrix ER 15 mg PO once daily. Off-label insomnia / fibromyalgia: 5-10 mg PO at bedtime
IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses
IR opioid-naive: 5-10 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: '''10 mg PO every 12 hours (lowest available)'''; titrate slowly to clinical effect
IR oral 50 mg PO TID or 75 mg BID. Voltaren 1% gel: apply 2-4 g to affected area QID. Pennsaid 2%: 40 drops to knee BID. Flector patch: every 12 hours
IR oral: 15-30 mg every 4 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: 15-30 mg every 12 hours. IV/IM/SC: 2-10 mg every 3-4 hours. Epidural / intrathecal: see surgical or palliative-care protocols
IR: 25-50 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed, titrate as tolerated. ER: 100 mg PO once daily, titrate by 100 mg every 5 days
IR: 60 mg PO every 4-6 hours. 12-hour ER: 120 mg PO every 12 hours. 24-hour ER: 240 mg PO once daily. Pediatric: weight-based
IV: 1 mEq/kg bolus in arrest indication, then titrated to ABG and clinical status; PO: 325-2000 mg up to QID as antacid
IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h
Indication-specific: 0.5-9 mg PO/IV daily for inflammation; 4 mg IV q6h for cerebral edema; 40 mg PO once weekly in MM; 6 mg PO/IV daily ×10 days for severe COVID-19; 0.6 mg/kg PO single dose for croup (max 16 mg)
Induction (TRD): 56 mg intranasal twice weekly × 4 weeks. Maintenance: 56-84 mg once weekly × 4 weeks, then 56-84 mg every 1-2 weeks. For acute suicidality: 84 mg twice weekly × 4 weeks. Administered under medical supervision in REMS-certified site.
Induction: 2/0.5 to 4/1 mg SL once in moderate withdrawal; titrate to 12–16/3–4 mg/d by day 2–3
Infiltration: 1-2% solution; '''4.5 mg/kg ceiling without epinephrine, 7 mg/kg with epinephrine'''. IV antiarrhythmic: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus then infusion 1-4 mg/minute. Lidoderm patch: up to 3 patches per 12 hours
Inhaled (Flovent HFA) 88 mcg BID; intranasal (Flonase) 2 sprays/nostril daily; topical (Cutivate) 0.05% cream BID
Initial genital herpes 1 g PO BID × 10 days; recurrent 500 mg BID × 3 days; suppression 500 mg-1 g PO daily; zoster 1 g TID × 7 days
Initial genital herpes 400 mg PO TID × 7-10 days; episodic 800 mg TID × 2 days; suppression 400 mg BID; herpes zoster 800 mg 5×/day × 7 days; HSV encephalitis 10 mg/kg IV q8h × 14-21 days
Insomnia (off-label): 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate to effect. Depression: 150 mg/day divided BID-TID; titrate to 400 mg/day outpatient or 600 mg/day inpatient
Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID
Intranasal Nasonex 2 sprays/nostril daily (50 mcg/spray); inhaled Asmanex 220 mcg DPI 1-2 inhalations daily/BID; topical Elocon 0.1% cream daily
Intuniv ER 1 mg PO once daily; titrate by 1 mg/week as tolerated to clinical response
Isosorbide mononitrate ER: 30-60 mg PO once daily in the morning, titrate to 120-240 mg/d; isosorbide dinitrate IR: 5-20 mg PO TID with a 12-14 hour nitrate-free interval to prevent tolerance
MDD/GAD: 20 mg PO once daily. Panic disorder: 10 mg titrating to 40 mg. OCD: 20 mg titrating to 40-60 mg. CR: 25 mg/day. Brisdelle: 7.5 mg at bedtime for hot flashes
MDI 90 mcg/puff, 2 puffs q4-6h prn; nebulized 2.5 mg in 3 mL saline q4-6h
Maintenance 800-2,000 IU PO daily; deficiency replacement 50,000 IU PO weekly for 8-12 weeks then maintenance, or equivalent daily dosing 5,000-10,000 IU/d
Migraine prophylaxis: 400 mg PO daily; deficiency replacement 5-30 mg/d
Migraine: 240 mg SC loading dose, then 120 mg SC monthly. Cluster: 300 mg SC at onset of cluster period, then monthly during cluster.
Migraine: 25 mg PO at bedtime, titrate by 25 mg weekly to target 100 mg/day divided BID. Seizures: 25-50 mg/day, titrate weekly to 200-400 mg/day divided BID
Modern clinical-trial standard: 25 mg synthesized psilocybin, single oral dose with psychological support
Motion sickness: 25-50 mg PO 1 hour before travel, repeat every 24 hours as needed. Vertigo: 25-100 mg/day divided
NVAF: 20 mg PO once daily with the evening meal (15 mg if CrCl 15-50); acute VTE: 15 mg BID for 21 days, then 20 mg daily; CAD/PAD: 2.5 mg BID with aspirin
NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID
Narcolepsy: 75 mg PO once daily upon awakening, titrate every 3 days. OSA: 37.5 mg PO once daily, titrate.
Nebulized 500 mcg q6-8h (or with albuterol as DuoNeb); MDI 17 mcg/puff, 2 puffs QID; nasal 0.03% or 0.06% spray BID-TID
Neuropathic pain: 75 mg PO BID, titrate to 150 mg BID after 1 week. Fibromyalgia: 75 mg PO BID, titrate to 150 mg BID. Anxiety (off-label): 75-150 mg/day divided BID-TID
Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d
No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl).
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam).
OTC dentifrice/rinse 0.05-0.5% fluoride daily; Rx 1.1% sodium fluoride toothpaste/gel daily; supplements (where local water non-fluoridated) age-titrated 0.25-1 mg/d
OTC: 220 mg PO every 8-12 hours, max 660 mg/24h. Rx: 250-500 mg PO BID. Acute gout: 750 mg loading then 250 mg every 8 hours
One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee)
One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant)
Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily
Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours
Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID
Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day
Oral 0.25 mcg daily, titrate by serum calcium and PTH; IV in CKD 0.5-3 mcg three times weekly
Oral 1-2 mg daily; transdermal patch 0.025-0.05 mg/d twice weekly; transdermal gel 0.5-1 g/d; vaginal 10 mcg tablet twice weekly for GSM. Always combine with a progestogen in patients with an intact uterus.
Oral 200-400 mg BID; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q2-4h initially, then taper; otic 5-10 drops in affected ear BID
Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days
Oral load 800-1600 mg/d in divided doses for 1-3 weeks, then 600-800 mg/d for 1 month, then 200-400 mg/d maintenance; IV 150 mg over 10 min then 1 mg/min for 6 hours then 0.5 mg/min
Oral: 100 mg PO BID, titrate to 400 mg BID. IV: 20 mg over 2 minutes, repeat 40-80 mg every 10 minutes as needed (maximum cumulative 300 mg); continuous infusion 2 mg/minute
Oral: 1000-1500 mg elemental calcium/day in divided doses for supplementation; IV gluconate 1 g (4.65 mEq) over 5-10 min for hyperkalemia or symptomatic hypocalcemia
Oral: 1500 mg PO QID for 2-3 days (load), then 750-1500 mg QID maintenance. IV/IM: 1000 mg every 8 hours for acute spasm
Oral: 250 mg PO once daily × 6 weeks (fingernails) or 12 weeks (toenails); topical: cream BID × 1-2 weeks
Oral: 4-6 mL (400,000-600,000 units) suspension QID swish-and-swallow; topical: BID-QID; vaginal tablet 1 daily for 2 weeks
Oral: 5 mg PO TID, titrate by 5 mg per dose every 3 days. Intrathecal: bolus test dose, then continuous infusion via implanted pump
Oral: 50-100 mg at migraine onset, may repeat in 2 hours if needed. SC: 6 mg, may repeat in 1 hour. Nasal: 5-20 mg per nostril, may repeat in 2 hours
Osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO once daily or 100 mg BID. Rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID. Acute pain: 400 mg loading, then 200 mg every 12 hours
Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"'
PO 10 mg QID; IV 5-10 mg every 20-30 minutes for hypertensive emergency
PO Medrol Dosepak (5-day taper from 24 mg to 4 mg) is the prototypic short-course outpatient regimen; IV pulse 1 g daily for 3-5 days for MS relapse; intra-articular 4-80 mg per joint q1-5 weeks
POP: 0.35 mg PO daily continuously (no placebo week); high-dose 5 mg Aygestin for amenorrhea/endometriosis 5-10 mg/d
Parkinson disease: 0.125 mg PO TID, titrate weekly to maintenance ~1.5 mg TID. Restless legs syndrome: 0.125 mg PO 2-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 0.5 mg/day if needed
Parkinson disease: 0.25 mg PO TID, titrate weekly. Restless legs syndrome: 0.25 mg PO 1-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 4 mg/day if needed
Pediatric 1-2 mg/kg/d (max 60 mg) PO for asthma exacerbation; adult dosing similar to prednisone milligram-for-milligram (~1:1 potency)
Pediatric 6-11: 100 mg PO daily, titrate weekly to max 400 mg. Adolescent 12-17: 200 mg, max 400 mg. Adult: 200 mg, max 600 mg.
Physiologic replacement 15-25 mg/d divided (e.g., 10 mg AM, 5 mg noon, 5 mg afternoon); stress dose 50-100 mg IV q6-8h; adrenal crisis 100 mg IV then 50-100 mg q6h; topical 0.5-2.5% applied 2-4×/d
Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h
Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly
Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula)
Rheumatologic: 7.5-15 mg PO or SC '''once weekly''' (not daily — daily dosing is a recognized fatal error); folic acid 1 mg PO daily on non-MTX days; oncology dosing is far higher and indication-specific
SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose
SC 4-6 units (or 1 unit per 10-15 g carbs) at meals; titrate to postprandial glucose. Typical total daily dose 0.5-1 U/kg/d split between basal and prandial coverage in T1DM
SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance)
SR 150 mg PO once daily for 3 days, then 150 mg BID. XL 150 mg PO once daily for 4 days, then 300 mg once daily. Zyban (smoking cessation) 150 mg daily for 3 days, then 150 mg BID
Schizophrenia / acute mania: 5-10 mg PO once daily, target 10-15 mg/day. Acute agitation IM: 10 mg, may repeat in 2 hours. Relprevv LAI: 150-300 mg every 4 weeks after oral overlap
Schizophrenia / mania: 1 mg PO BID, titrate to 4-8 mg/day. Pediatric autism irritability: 0.25-0.5 mg/day, weight-titrated. Consta LAI: 25 mg IM every 2 weeks after oral overlap
Schizophrenia/bipolar mania: 10-15 mg PO once daily, target 15-30 mg. MDD adjunct: 2-5 mg/day, target 5-15 mg. Pediatric autism irritability: 2 mg, titrate to 5-15 mg. Maintena LAI: 400 mg IM every 4 weeks after oral overlap
Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily.
Schizophrenia: 1.5 mg PO daily, increase to 1.5-6 mg as tolerated. Bipolar mania: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3-6 mg. Bipolar depression: 1.5 mg daily for 14 days, then 3 mg. MDD adjunct: 1.5 mg, may increase to 3 mg.
Seizures: 10-15 mg/kg/d divided BID-TID, titrate to therapeutic level (50-100 mcg/mL); bipolar mania: 750 mg/d divided, titrate
Seizures: 100-125 mg PO at bedtime x 3 days, then BID, then TID, escalating to 750-1500 mg/day. Essential tremor: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate slowly to 250-750 mg/day
Seizures: 200 mg PO BID, titrate by 200 mg/week to 800-1200 mg/day. Trigeminal neuralgia: 100-200 mg BID, titrate to 200-400 mg TID. Bipolar: 200 mg BID, titrate to 1600 mg/day
Single 60-hour continuous IV infusion: 30 mcg/kg/h × 4h → 60 mcg/kg/h × 20h → 90 mcg/kg/h × 28h → 60 mcg/kg/h × 4h → 30 mcg/kg/h × 4h
Strongyloides 200 mcg/kg PO single dose; scabies 200 mcg/kg PO repeated at 7-14 days; onchocerciasis 150 mcg/kg q6-12 months
Surgical scrub 4% CHG; preop skin prep 2% CHG/70% isopropyl alcohol (ChloraPrep); ICU bathing 2% CHG daily; oral rinse 0.12% 15 mL twice daily for 30 seconds
Topical 0.025-0.5% cream/ointment BID; intra-articular 5-40 mg per joint q3-6 months; intranasal Nasacort 110 mcg/spray, 2 sprays/nostril daily; oral paste 0.1% to lesion 2-3×/d
Topical 2% shampoo twice weekly for seborrheic dermatitis or tinea versicolor; oral use restricted by 2013 FDA action to indications where alternatives have failed
Topical cream/lotion BID; shampoo twice weekly; nail lacquer (Penlac) once daily for up to 48 weeks
Topical: 0.5-5% cream/solution to lesions BID × 2-4 weeks; systemic IV: regimen-specific in cancer chemotherapy
Topical: 1% cream BID × 2-4 weeks; vaginal: 1% or 2% cream nightly × 7 days, or 100/200/500 mg vaginal tablet single or 3-day regimens; troche: 10 mg PO five times daily × 2 weeks for thrush
Topical: apply small amount to affected area TID × 5-10 days; nasal: apply half the contents of a single-use tube into each nostril BID × 5 days
Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses
Transplant: 5-10 mg/kg/d divided BID, titrated to trough levels (typically 100-300 ng/mL depending on regimen and post-transplant interval); ophthalmic Restasis 0.05% one drop BID
Treatment 70 mg PO once weekly (or 10 mg daily); prevention 35 mg weekly (or 5 mg daily); always taken first thing in the morning with a full glass of water, remaining upright for 30 minutes
Treatment: 75 mg PO BID × 5 days (adult); pediatric weight-based; prophylaxis: 75 mg PO once daily × 7-10 days
Trials use 25 mg or 50 mg PO daily
Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice
Varies by salt form and brand; e.g., Tricor 145 mg PO daily; reduce to 48 mg in renal impairment
Victoza: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000181-QINU`"' · Saxenda: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000182-QINU`"'
Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess
Volume titrated to clinical status; typical adult bolus 500-1000 mL, then reassess
Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d
Was 1 mg/kg IV q4w × 2, then 3 mg/kg × 2, then 6 mg/kg × 2, then 10 mg/kg q4w
Week 1: 1 tablet (8/90 mg) PO morning; week 2: 1 tablet AM + 1 PM; week 3: 2 AM + 1 PM; week 4 onward: 2 AM + 2 PM (32 mg naltrexone / 360 mg bupropion/d)
Week 1: 8.9 mg PO once daily in the morning. Week 2: 17.8 mg. Week 3+: 35.6 mg (max). Titrate as needed.
XR 37.5 mg PO once daily for 4-7 days, then 75 mg/day; titrate by 75 mg every ≥4 days to clinical effect. IR 25-37.5 mg BID-TID
~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose. Frequently dosed BID at moderate-to-high doses
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preparations:
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None
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10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets
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2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs
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5 mg, 10 mg tablets
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5, 10 mg tablets
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5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets
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0.005% ophthalmic solution (50 mcg/mL); typical 2.5 mL bottle
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0.01%, 0.03% ophthalmic solution
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0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions
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0.1% (Patanol), 0.2% (Pataday once-daily original), 0.7% (Pataday 24-hour) ophthalmic solutions; 0.6% nasal spray
·
0.1%, 0.15% intranasal spray; 0.05% ophthalmic solution; combination Dymista (azelastine 0.137 mg + fluticasone 50 mcg/spray)
·
0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza)
·
0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g)
·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate
·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets
·
0.25, 0.5 mcg oral capsules; 1 mcg/mL oral solution; 1 mcg/mL IV; 3 mcg/g topical ointment
·
0.35 mg POP tablets; 5 mg tablets (Aygestin); component of COCs and combination HRT
·
0.4 mg capsules
·
0.4, 0.8, 1 mg OTC; 1 mg Rx; 5 mg/mL injection
·
0.5 g, 1 g capsules
Other values:
0.5 g/mL oral solution
0.5 mg capsules
0.5% (Carac), 1% (Fluoroplex), 5% (Efudex) topical creams/solutions; 50 mg/mL IV
0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6 mg tablets; oral solution; 4, 10, 20, 100 mg/mL IV; intravitreal implant (Ozurdex)
0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; 0.25 mg/mL IV
0.6 mg tablets; 0.6 mg/5 mL solution; 0.5 mg tablets (Lodoco)
0.6 mg/5 mL oral solution; Celestone Soluspan 6 mg/mL IM/IA (mix of sodium phosphate + acetate); 0.05% and 0.1% topical cream/ointment/lotion/foam (various salts); augmented betamethasone 0.05% (super-high potency)
0.77% topical cream, lotion, suspension; 1% shampoo; 8% nail lacquer (Penlac)
1 g soft gelatin capsules containing ~465 mg EPA + ~375 mg DHA as ethyl esters
1 g tablets; 1 g/10 mL suspension
1 mg tablets
1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg tablets
1 mg, 5 mg tablets
1% (OTC), 2% (Rx) shampoo; 2% cream; 2% gel; 200 mg oral tablet (rarely used now)
1% topical cream, lotion, solution; 1%, 2% vaginal cream; 100, 200, 500 mg vaginal tablets; 10 mg oral troches; combination with betamethasone (Lotrisone, Rx)
1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 10 mg tablets (color-coded by strength)
1, 2, 4, 8 mg IR tablets; 4, 8 mg XL tablets
1, 2, 5 mg caps
1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets
1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 5 mg/mL concentrate
1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 mg capsules
1.5 mg, 3 mg, 4.5 mg, 6 mg capsules
10 g/15 mL solution (Constulose); 10 g, 20 g powder packets (Kristalose)
10 mg tablet; also as fixed-dose combinations with simvastatin (Vytorin) and atorvastatin (Liptruzet, withdrawn US 2015 but generics exist)
10 mg tablets; 4 mg, 5 mg chewables; 4 mg granules
10 mg tablets; 5 mg ODT and chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; combo Claritin-D (with pseudoephedrine, behind-counter)
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg caps
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets
10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg tablets; chewables; 40 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 10 mg/mL IV
10 mg, 25 mg tablets
10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets
10 mg/spray nasal solution
10, 20 mg IR capsules; 30, 60, 90 mg ER tablets
10, 20 mg tablets/capsules; 10 mg/5 mL syrup; 10 mg/mL IM injection
10, 20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules and tablets; 2 mg/mL oral suspension; immediate-release combo with sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid)
10, 20, 40 mg tablets; 20, 40, 60 mg ER tablets
10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg tabs; 60/80/120/160 mg ER caps; 1 mg/mL IV
10, 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; 20 mg/mL IV
100 U/mL (FlexTouch pen) and 200 U/mL (FlexTouch pen, higher-dose convenience)
100 U/mL (Humalog, Admelog, Lyumjev) vials, pens, cartridges; 200 U/mL Humalog KwikPen
100 U/mL (Lantus, Basaglar, Semglee) vials and pens; 300 U/mL (Toujeo) pens
100 U/mL (NovoLog, Fiasp) vials, pens, cartridges
100 U/mL FlexTouch pen, vial
100 mg tabs
100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg extended-release capsules (can be sprinkled on food)
100 mg, 300 mg tablets; IV 500 mg vial
100 mg/20 mL vial, single-use
100 mg/mL vial for IV infusion
100, 150, 200 mg liquid-filled capsules ("perles")
100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2)
100, 200, 400 mg IR tablets; 600 mg, 1200 mg Mucinex ER tablets; many liquid formulations and combination products with dextromethorphan, pseudoephedrine, antihistamines
100, 200, 400 mg tablets; 50 mg/mL IV (with polysorbate 80 in older formulations causing hypotension); 1.5 mg/mL Nexterone IV (PVC-free, lower hypotension risk)
100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty)
100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual
100,000 units/mL oral suspension; 500,000 unit tablets; 100,000 units/g cream, ointment, powder; vaginal tablets
12.5 mg capsules; 12.5, 25, 50 mg tablets
120 mg/mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector
125, 250, 500 mg delayed-release tablets (Depakote); 250, 500 mg ER tablets (Depakote ER); 125, 250 mg sprinkle capsules; 250 mg/5 mL syrup; 500 mg IV (Depacon)
125, 250, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension; 750 mg, 1.5 g IV vials
140 mg/mL single-use prefilled syringe and SureClick autoinjector; Pushtronex 420 mg/3.5 mL on-body infusor
15 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg tablets
15, 30, 37.5 mg capsules/tablets; 8 mg Lomaira
15, 30, 45 mg tablets
15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300 mg tablets (1/4 to 5 grains; 1 grain = 60 mg)
17 g (OTC) and 14 g (Rx) powder packets; 238, 510, 527 g bottles; PEG-electrolyte preparations 4 L (GoLYTELY, NuLYTELY)
18 mcg HandiHaler capsules; 2.5 mcg/actuation Respimat solution inhaler (1.25 mcg/actuation for asthma indication)
2 mg capsules and tablets; 1 mg/5 mL oral solution; combined with simethicone (Imodium Multi-Symptom)
2% ointment; 2% cream; 2% nasal ointment (Bactroban Nasal)
2% ophthalmic solution (Trusopt); 2%/0.5% fixed combination with timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF)
2%, 4% wash; 2% CHG/70% IPA applicators (ChloraPrep); 0.12%, 0.2% oral rinse; impregnated catheter dressings
2, 4, 8, 16, 32 mg oral tablets; 40, 125, 500, 1000 mg IV vials; Depo-Medrol 20, 40, 80 mg/mL IM depot
2.5 mg tablets; 10-50 mg/mL injection; pre-filled subcutaneous autoinjectors (Otrexup, Rasuvo); 2.5 mg/mL oral solution (Xatmep)
2.5 mg, 5 mg tablets
2.5, 10, 15, 20 mg tablets
2.5, 5, 10 mg oral tablets; Depo-Provera 150 mg/mL IM; Depo-SubQ Provera 104 mg/0.65 mL
2.5, 5, 10 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral suspension
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution (Epaned); 1.25 mg/mL IV (enalaprilat)
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn)
2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution
20 mg dextromethorphan HBr / 10 mg quinidine sulfate capsules
20 mg, 25 mg, 30 mg capsules
20 mg, 40 mg delayed-release tablets; 40 mg IV vial; oral suspension 40 mg/packet
20, 40 mg delayed-release capsules; 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg oral suspension packets; 20, 40 mg IV
20, 40, 80 mg tablets
20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL oral solution; 10 mg/mL IV
200 mg tablets; 100 mg/5 mL suspension
200 mg/2 mL, 500 mg/5 mL vials for IV infusion
200, 300, 400 mg tablets (mostly generic now); 0.3% ophthalmic solution; 0.3% otic solution
200, 300, 400, 500 mg IR tablets/capsules; 400, 500, 600 mg ER tablets
200, 400, 800 mg tablets; 200 mg capsules; 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500, 1000 mg IV vials; 5% cream and ointment (topical)
225 mg/1.5 mL prefilled syringe or autoinjector
25 mg, 50 mg tablets
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; 25 mg/5 mL oral suspension (CaroSpir)
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets; oral concentrate 20 mg/mL
25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg immediate-release tablets; 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg extended-release tablets (Seroquel XR)
25 mg/5 mL suspension; 25, 50, 100 mg capsules (Macrodantin); 100 mg Macrobid capsule
25, 50 mg ER tablets; 8 mg/mL granules for oral suspension (Myrbetriq Granules, pediatric)
25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin
25, 50, 100 mg tabs (Viagra); 20 mg tabs and 10 mg/mL oral suspension (Revatio)
25, 50, 100, 250, 400 mg tablets; OTC
25, 50, 75, 88, 100, 112, 125, 137, 150, 175, 200, 300 mcg tablets; oral capsule and IV/IM also available
250 mg tablets; 1% topical cream, gel, spray; granules (pediatric)
250 mg, 500 mg capsules; 500 mg, 875 mg tablets; 125, 200, 250, 400 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 775 mg ER; 50 mg/mL drops
250 mg, 500 mg tablets; 125 mg/5 mL, 250 mg/5 mL suspension
250 mg, 500 mg, 600 mg tablets; 100, 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 2 g ER suspension (Zmax); 500 mg IV
250 mg, 500 mg, 750 mg capsules; 250 mg/5 mL, 125 mg/5 mL suspension; tablets
250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment
250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository
250, 500, 1000 mL IV bags. Composition per liter: Na+ 130 mEq, K+ 4 mEq, Ca2+ 3 mEq, Cl- 109 mEq, lactate 28 mEq
250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic
250, 500, 750 mg tablets; 25 mg/mL oral solution; 25 mg/mL IV (premix bags 250, 500, 750 mg); 0.5%, 1.5% ophthalmic solutions
28 mg/device (each dose uses 2 devices)
3 mg tablets (Stromectol); 0.5% topical lotion (Sklice); 1% topical cream (Soolantra)
30, 45, 75 mg capsules; 6 mg/mL oral suspension
30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC
300 mg capsules; 125, 250 mg/5 mL suspension
325 mg tablets (65 mg elemental Fe); 220 mg/5 mL liquid (44 mg elemental Fe/5 mL); 142 mg/mL drops; OTC and Rx
325, 500, 650 mg tablets; 80, 160 mg chewables; 160 mg/5 mL pediatric liquid; 325 mg suppository; 1000 mg/100 mL IV (Ofirmev); fixed-dose combinations with opioids, decongestants, antihistamines
350 mg/20 mL vial for IV infusion
4 mg, 8 mg, 24 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg orally disintegrating tablets; 4 mg/5 mL oral solution; IV (2 mg/mL)
4% prescription cream/lotion; OTC 2% withdrawn in US (2020 CARES Act); compounded higher strengths available
4.2%, 7.5%, 8.4% IV (1 mEq/mL at 8.4%); 325, 650 mg oral tablets; bulk powder
4.45 mg, 17.8 mg tablets
4.8355 mg oxycodone / 325 mg aspirin tablets
40 mg/0.4 mL or 40 mg/0.8 mL prefilled syringe and autoinjector pen; 10, 20, 80 mg pediatric/induction strengths
40, 80, 160, 320 mg tablets; oral suspension
400 mg tablets; 400 mg/250 mL IV; 0.5% ophthalmic solution
42 mg capsules
5 mg IR tablets; 5, 10, 15 mg ER tablets; 5 mg/5 mL syrup; 3.9 mg/24 h transdermal patch (Oxytrol); 10% topical gel
5 mg enteric-coated tablets; 10 mg rectal suppositories; OTC and Rx
5 mg tablets; 2.5 mg/5 mL oral solution; OTC
5 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL, 15 mg/5 mL oral solutions (sweetened pediatric); 5 mg/5 mL syrup; ophthalmic 0.12%, 1% suspensions and 1% solution
5 mg tablets; combination with metformin
5 mg, 10 mg immediate-release tablets; 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg extended-release tablets
5 mg, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg, 10 mg chewables; 1 mg/mL oral syrup; OTC
5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets
5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg tablets
5, 10 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL solution; 5 mg/mL IV; 15 mg/spray intranasal
5, 10 mg tabs
5, 10, 20 mg oral tablets; 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg IV (Solu-Cortef); 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% topical creams/ointments; rectal foam and enemas
5, 10, 20, 100 mg tablets; 10 mg/mL IV
5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 4 mg/mL oral suspension
5, 10, 35, 40, 70 mg tablets; 70 mg/75 mL oral solution; 70 mg effervescent (Binosto)
5, 20, 40 mg tablets
5, 25, 50 mcg tablets (Cytomel); 10 mcg/mL IV (Triostat)
50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV
50, 100, 150 mg tablets
50, 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; 10, 40 mg/mL oral suspension; 2 mg/mL IV
50, 100, 200 mg tabs
50, 100, 250 mg capsules; 50 mg/5 mL syrup; OTC
50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution
50,000 IU capsules (Rx); 8,000 IU/mL oral solution (Rx); 400-5,000 IU OTC tablets and softgels
50/325/40 mg capsules
50/325/40 mg capsules and tablets; oral solution
500 mg, 1 g tablets
500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg IR tablets; 500 mg, 750 mg, 1000 mg ER tablets; 500 mg/5 mL oral solution
500, 750 mg tablets
60, 90 mg tablets
7/10, 14/10, 21/10, 28/10 mg ER capsules (memantine ER / donepezil)
70 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL prefilled autoinjector
72, 145, 290 mcg capsules
75 mg, 150 mg tablets
75 mg, 300 mg tablets
75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream
75, 150, 300 mg tablets
8 mg naltrexone / 90 mg bupropion ER tablets (titration-pack design)
8, 10, 20, 25 mEq tablets/capsules (most ER); effervescent and oral solution; IV concentrate (must be diluted)
85 mg sumatriptan / 500 mg naproxen sodium tablets; lower-dose 10/60 mg pediatric (Treximet pediatric)
95 mg (OTC), 99.5 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets
A ''betel quid'': areca nut slice + betel leaf + slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) ± tobacco ± spices, chewed
Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI
Atrovent HFA 17 mcg/actuation MDI; 500 mcg/2.5 mL nebulizer solution; 0.03% and 0.06% intranasal sprays; with albuterol as DuoNeb / Combivent Respimat
Auto-injectors 0.15 mg (Jr/pediatric), 0.3 mg (adult); 1 mg/mL (1:1,000) ampules for IM/SC use; 0.1 mg/mL (1:10,000) for IV use; 2.25% racemic nebulizer
Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca
Bicillin L-A 600,000; 1.2M; 2.4M U IM; aqueous crystalline (Pfizerpen) 5M, 20M U IV; procaine 600,000 U/mL IM
Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal
Byetta pre-filled multi-dose pen: 5 µg / 10 µg per dose'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E5-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise single-dose autoinjector: 2 mg extended-release microsphere suspension'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E6-QINU`"'
Capsules 10, 18, 25, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg
Capsules 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 mg; chewable tablets 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL
Capsules 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg; oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; Silenor tablets 3, 6 mg; topical cream 5% (Prudoxin, Zonalon)
Capsules 100, 300, 400 mg; tablets 600, 800 mg; oral solution 250 mg/5 mL; Gralise ER tablets 300, 600 mg (once-daily); Horizant ER tablets 300, 600 mg (gabapentin enacarbil, an inactive parent compound metabolized to gabapentin in vivo)
Capsules 25, 50 mg; ER capsules 75 mg; oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 50 mg; injection 1 mg/vial (PDA closure)
Capsules 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 225, 300 mg; oral solution 20 mg/mL; Lyrica CR tablets 82.5, 165, 330 mg
Capsules 50, 100, 200, 400 mg; Elyxyb oral solution 25 mg/mL
Capsules: 3/25, 6/25, 6/50, 12/25, 12/50 mg olanzapine/fluoxetine
Carbonate 200, 400, 500, 600 mg elemental tablets and chewables; citrate 200, 250, 315 mg elemental; gluconate 1 g (94 mg elemental, 4.65 mEq) IV; chloride 1 g (270 mg elemental, 13.6 mEq) IV
Clozaril 25 mg and 100 mg tablets; FazaClo orally disintegrating tablets (12.5/25/100/150/200 mg); Versacloz oral suspension 50 mg/mL. All brands subject to identical REMS ANC monitoring requirements. Generic tablets widely available.
Codeine/acetaminophen 15/300 (#2 historical), 30/300 (#3), 60/300 (#4) mg tablets; 12/120 mg/5 mL elixir
Cream, ointment, lotion, foam, solution, shampoo, spray at 0.025-0.05%; emollient and non-emollient bases
Desoxyn 5 mg tabs
Dextromethorphan 45 mg + bupropion 105 mg ER tablets
Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'')
Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh
Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus)
ER tablets 25, 50, 100 mg
Extended-release tablets 1, 2, 3, 4 mg (Intuniv); immediate-release tablets 1, 2 mg (Tenex)
Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk
Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin
Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying
Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered
Gels, patches, IM cypionate/enanthate/undecanoate, buccal tabs, nasal gel, oral undecanoate, subcutaneous pellets
Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused
Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets.
IR 30, 60, 90, 120 mg tablets; multiple ER capsules and tablets 60-420 mg; IV 5 mg/mL
IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL
IR tablets 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg; ER tablets 0.1, 0.2 mg (Kapvay); transdermal patches 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/24h (TTS-1/2/3, weekly); epidural injection (Duraclon)
IR tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mg; ER tablets 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75, 4.5 mg
IR tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg; XL tablets 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 mg
IR tablets 10, 20, 30, 40 mg; CR tablets 12.5, 25, 37.5 mg; oral suspension 10 mg/5 mL; Brisdelle capsules 7.5 mg
IR tablets 15, 30 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL, 20 mg/mL, 100 mg/5 mL (concentrated); suppositories; ER tablets and capsules in multiple strengths; injectable 0.5-50 mg/mL
IR tablets 150, 300, 600 mg; oral suspension 60 mg/mL; XR tablets 150, 300, 600 mg (Oxtellar)
IR tablets 200 mg; chewable 100 mg; oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL; XR tablets 100, 200, 400 mg (Tegretol XR); ER capsules 100, 200, 300 mg (Carbatrol, Equetro)
IR tablets 25, 100, 150, 200 mg; chewable dispersible tablets 2, 5, 25 mg; ODT 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; XR tablets 25, 50, 100, 200, 250, 300 mg
IR tablets 25, 37.5, 50, 75, 100 mg; XR capsules 37.5, 75, 150, 225 mg
IR tablets 25, 50 mg; ER tablets 100 mg; Cataflam IR 50 mg; Zorvolex 18, 35 mg; Voltaren gel 1%; Pennsaid 2% topical solution; Flector transdermal patch; Solaraze 3% gel; Cambia oral powder 50 mg
IR tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; Luvox CR capsules 100, 150 mg
IR tablets 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; sprinkle capsules 15, 25 mg; Trokendi XR capsules 25, 50, 100, 200 mg; Qudexy XR capsules; Eprontia oral solution 25 mg/mL
IR tablets 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg; XR tablets 500, 750 mg; oral solution 100 mg/mL; injection 100 mg/mL; Spritam ODT 250, 500, 750, 1000 mg
IR tablets 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 mg; Coreg CR capsules 10, 20, 40, 80 mg (once-daily)
IR tablets 30, 60 mg; 12-hour ER tablets 120 mg; 24-hour ER tablets 240 mg; oral liquid; multiple combination products with antihistamines, NSAIDs, or expectorants
IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray
IR tablets 5, 10 mg; oral solution 2 mg/mL; XR capsules 7, 14, 21, 28 mg
IR tablets 5, 7.5, 10 mg; Amrix ER capsules 15, 30 mg
IR tablets 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; IR oral solution 5 mg/5 mL; concentrated solution 20 mg/mL; OxyContin ER tablets 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 mg; Xtampza ER capsules
IR tablets 50 mg; ER tablets 100, 200, 300 mg (Ultram ER, ConZip); oral solution 5 mg/mL; combination products with acetaminophen (Ultracet)
IR tablets 50, 100, 150, 300 mg; Oleptro ER tablets 150, 300 mg
IR tabs 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 30 mg; XR caps 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg; Mydayis caps 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg
IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists.
Inhaled MDI 44/110/220 mcg per actuation; DPI (Diskus) 50/100/250 mcg; nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation; cream/ointment 0.005%, 0.05%
Injection 0.5-4% solutions (with and without epinephrine); topical cream 4-5%; transdermal patch 5% (Lidoderm), 1.8% (ZTLido); oral 2% viscous solution; jelly 2%; ophthalmic
Investigational oral capsule
Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant
Leaves chewed with a pinch of slaked lime (the lime converts cocaine HCl to freebase for buccal absorption); also drunk as tea (''mate de coca'')
Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s
Lithium carbonate: immediate-release capsules (150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg) and tablets (300 mg); extended-release tablets (300 mg, 450 mg). Lithium citrate: oral solution (8 mEq/5 mL, equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL) for patients unable to swallow tablets.
MDI 90 mcg/puff; nebulizer solution 0.083% (2.5 mg/3 mL), 0.5%, 0.021%, 0.042%; syrup 2 mg/5 mL; 2 mg, 4 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg ER
Mononitrate 10, 20 mg IR; 30, 60, 120 mg ER; dinitrate 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg IR and ER
Multiple non-bioequivalent fenofibrate and fenofibric acid formulations: 48-200 mg
Multiple non-bioequivalent oral formulations (pH-, time-, and moisture-dependent release); rectal enema 4 g/60 mL; 1 g rectal suppository
Nasonex 50 mcg/actuation intranasal; Asmanex HFA MDI 100/200 mcg; Asmanex Twisthaler DPI 110/220 mcg; Elocon 0.1% cream/ointment/lotion; Sinuva sinus implant; Dulera (with formoterol)
OTC 400, 1,000, 2,000, 5,000 IU softgels and tablets; Rx 50,000 IU capsules; liquid drops 400-2,000 IU/drop
OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence)
OTC tablets 220 mg; Rx tablets 250, 375, 500 mg; ER tablets 375, 500, 750 mg (Naprelan); oral suspension 125 mg/5 mL; enteric-coated tablets (EC-Naprosyn)
OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg
Oral 0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; transdermal patches (twice-weekly and once-weekly); 0.06% gel; 1.53 mg/spray topical; vaginal ring (Estring); vaginal tablet (Vagifem/Yuvafem); vaginal cream
Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL
Oral tablets 25, 50, 100 mg; SC injection 4, 6 mg autoinjector; needle-free SC 6 mg (Sumavel); nasal spray 5, 20 mg; nasal powder 22 mg (Onzetra Xsail); low-dose autoinjector 3 mg (Zembrace SymTouch)
Oral tablets 5, 10, 23 mg; ODT 5, 10 mg; Adlarity transdermal patch 5, 10 mg/day (weekly application)
Oral tablets 50 mg (ReVia, Depade, generics); Vivitrol extended-release IM suspension 380 mg single-dose vial; Contrave (naltrexone 8 mg + bupropion 90 mg ER tablets); compounded 1, 2, 3, 4.5 mg tablets/capsules for LDN
Orally disintegrating tablet 75 mg
Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules
Oxycodone/acetaminophen 2.5/325, 5/325, 7.5/325, 10/325 mg tablets; 5/325 mg/5 mL solution
Parotid-gland venom expressed onto a glass plate, dried into a shellac-like resin, vaporized and inhaled
Powder for oral solution in 4 L jugs (PEG 3350 ~236 g + NaCl, NaHCO3, KCl, Na2SO4) and low-volume packets
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 mg, Ozempic;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000248-QINU`"' 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 1.7 / 2.4 mg, Wegovy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000249-QINU`"') · Oral tablet 3 / 7 / 14 mg co-formulated with SNAC absorption enhancer (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024A-QINU`"'
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (3 mL): Victoza 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 mg per day);'"`UNIQ--ref-00000183-QINU`"' Saxenda 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 / 2.4 / 3.0 mg per day)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000184-QINU`"'
Pre-filled single-dose pen and vial: 2.5 / 5 / 7.5 / 10 / 12.5 / 15 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FC-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FD-QINU`"'
Pre-filled single-dose pen: 0.75 / 1.5 / 3 / 4.5 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-00000054-QINU`"'
Pulmicort Flexhaler DPI 90, 180 mcg/dose; Pulmicort Respules 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/2 mL nebulized; Rhinocort intranasal 32 mcg/spray; Entocort EC 3 mg capsules; Uceris 9 mg ER tablets and rectal foam
Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated)
Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks
Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'')
Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine
SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV
SL film or tablet, 2/0.5 to 12/3 mg per dose
SR tablets 100, 150, 200 mg; XL tablets 150, 300 mg; IR tablets 75, 100 mg (less common); Aplenzin (bupropion hydrobromide) 174, 348, 522 mg
Sandimmune 25, 100 mg capsules; Neoral 25, 100 mg modified soft gel; 100 mg/mL oral solution; 50 mg/mL IV; Restasis 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion
Synthesized psilocybin capsules (COMP360 and other investigational formulations); dried whole [[Psilocybe|Psilocybe]] mushrooms (variable potency, no legal supply chain in most jurisdictions); psilocybin truffles (Psilocybe sclerotia, legal in the Netherlands)
Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen).
Tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; M-Tab ODT 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; Consta LAI 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg; Perseris SC LAI 90, 120 mg monthly
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; oral concentrate 2 mg/mL; injection 2 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL; Loreev XR capsules 1, 2, 3 mg
Tablets 0.5, 1, 2 mg; orally disintegrating tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg
Tablets 10 mg; injection 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL; nasal spray 15.75 mg/spray (Sprix); ophthalmic solution 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%
Tablets 10, 20, 40 mg; oral solution 10 mg/5 mL
Tablets 10, 25, 50 mg (HCl); capsules 25, 50, 100 mg (pamoate); oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; injection 25, 50 mg/mL (IM only, never IV)
Tablets 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 mg
Tablets 100, 200, 300 mg; injection 5 mg/mL
Tablets 12.5, 25 mg; chewable tablets 25 mg
Tablets 12.5, 25, 50 mg; oral syrup 6.25 mg/5 mL; suppositories 12.5, 25, 50 mg; injection 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL
Tablets 2, 4 mg; capsules 2, 4, 6 mg ('''capsules and tablets are not bioequivalent''': capsules slower with food; tablets faster on empty stomach)
Tablets 2, 5, 10 mg; oral solution 1, 5 mg/mL; injection 5 mg/mL; Diastat rectal gel 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg; Valtoco nasal spray 5, 7.5, 10 mg/dose; Libervant buccal film
Tablets 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 mg; ODT 10, 15 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL; acute IM injection 9.75 mg/1.3 mL; Maintena LAI 300, 400 mg monthly; Aristada LAI 441, 662, 882, 1064 mg (4-8 week dosing); Asimtufii bi-monthly
Tablets 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20 mg; ODT (Zydis) 5, 10, 15, 20 mg; acute IM injection 10 mg/vial; Relprevv LAI 210, 300, 405 mg vials
Tablets 200, 400, 600, 800 mg; capsules 200 mg; oral suspension 100 mg/5 mL; chewable tablets 100 mg; injection 100 mg/mL (Caldolor)
Tablets 25, 50 mg; capsules; liquid; chewable; topical cream/gel; injection 50 mg/mL
Tablets 25, 50, 100 mg
Tablets 4 mg; oral syrup 2 mg/5 mL
Tablets 5, 10 mg; ODT (Maxalt-MLT) 5, 10 mg
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; ophthalmic solution 0.25%, 0.5%; ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.25%, 0.5% (Timoptic-XE)
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral suspension 5 mg/5 mL (Ozobax, Fleqsuvy); intrathecal injection 50, 500, 1000, 2000 mcg/mL (Lioresal Intrathecal, Gablofen); oral granules (Lyvispah)
Tablets 5, 10, 40 mg (40 mg dispersible restricted to OTPs); oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; oral solution 1, 2, 10 mg/mL; injection 10 mg/mL
Tablets 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30 mg (the 15 and 30 mg tablets are scored for halving and quartering)
Tablets 50, 250 mg
Tablets 500, 750 mg; injection 100 mg/mL
Tablets 7.5, 15 mg (Mobic); capsules 5, 10 mg (Vivlodex); oral suspension 7.5 mg/5 mL; injection 30 mg/mL (Anjeso)
Tablets 7.5, 15, 30, 45 mg; orally disintegrating tablets (SolTab) 15, 30, 45 mg
Tablets 81 (low-dose), 325, 500, 650 mg; chewable 81 mg; enteric-coated tablets; effervescent tablets; suppositories
Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg (scored). [[Armodafinil]] (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer of modafinil, is available separately as 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg tablets.
Tartrate: 25, 50, 100 mg tabs; 1 mg/mL IV. Succinate ER: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg.
Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate
Toothpaste, rinse, gel, varnish (topical); 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg tablets and drops (Rx supplements where appropriate)
Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid)
Topical creams, ointments, lotions, dental paste (0.025-0.5%); Kenalog 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL injection; Nasacort 55 mcg/spray intranasal; oral inhaler discontinued in US
Tramadol/acetaminophen 37.5/325 mg tablets
Was: 170 mg/1.7 mL, 300 mg/3 mL vials for IV infusion
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