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Medicines (732)

Medicines > mechanism: None

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None (4) · Amytal (1) · Auvelity (dextromethorphan/bupropion ER) (1) · Betapace (1) · Brevibloc (1) · Corgard (1) · Coumadin (discontinued in US but name in common use), Jantoven (1) · Diflucan (1) · Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets (oral dispersible tablets for OTPs) (1) · Doriden (1) · Feldene (1) · Lithobid (extended-release); Eskalith (discontinued in US); Carbolith (Canada); Priadel (UK); Camcolit (UK) (1) · Placidyl (1) · Prometrium (oral), Endometrin (vaginal), Crinone (vaginal gel), Prochieve (1) · Provigil (Teva/Cephalon); Alertec (Canada); Modavigil (Australia) (1) · Quviviq (1) · Retin-A, Renova, Atralin, Avita, Tretin-X, Refissa, Altreno; Vesanoid (oral, APL) (1) · ReVia (oral, 50 mg tablets), Depade (oral, generic), Vivitrol (extended-release IM injection 380 mg monthly); Contrave (naltrexone + bupropion ER tablets for weight management) (1) · Sernyl (human, withdrawn 1965); Sernylan (veterinary, withdrawn 1978) (1) · Tylenol, Panadol (1) · Vibramycin, Doryx, Oracea, Adoxa, Monodox, Acticlate (1) · Zofran, Zofran ODT (1)

Beta blocker (3) · Barbiturate (2) · Sedative-hypnotic (2)

Other values:

None (16) · 1 tablet (dextromethorphan 45 mg / bupropion 105 mg) PO daily × 3 days, then increase to 1 tablet BID (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · Topical: pea-sized amount to dry face at bedtime, building from 2-3×/week to nightly as tolerated; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d in divided doses (1) · Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)

None (12) · 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 10 mg tablets (color-coded by strength) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 4 mg, 8 mg, 24 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg orally disintegrating tablets; 4 mg/5 mL oral solution; IV (2 mg/mL) (1) · 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV (1) · 50, 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; 10, 40 mg/mL oral suspension; 2 mg/mL IV (1) · Dextromethorphan 45 mg + bupropion 105 mg ER tablets (1) · Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets. (1) · Lithium carbonate: immediate-release capsules (150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg) and tablets (300 mg); extended-release tablets (300 mg, 450 mg). Lithium citrate: oral solution (8 mEq/5 mL, equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL) for patients unable to swallow tablets. (1) · Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL (1) · Oral tablets 50 mg (ReVia, Depade, generics); Vivitrol extended-release IM suspension 380 mg single-dose vial; Contrave (naltrexone 8 mg + bupropion 90 mg ER tablets); compounded 1, 2, 3, 4.5 mg tablets/capsules for LDN (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 40 mg (40 mg dispersible restricted to OTPs); oral concentrate 10 mg/mL; oral solution 1, 2, 10 mg/mL; injection 10 mg/mL (1) · Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg (scored). [[Armodafinil]] (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer of modafinil, is available separately as 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg tablets. (1) · Topical 0.01-0.1% creams, gels, micropsheres, lotions; oral 10 mg capsules (Vesanoid) (1)

None (11) · 2 tablets/day (dextromethorphan 90 mg / bupropion 210 mg) (1) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/day oral; 380 mg/4 weeks IM (Vivitrol); 32 mg + 360 mg naltrexone/bupropion daily (Contrave maximum after titration) (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · MOUD: typical effective max 24 mg/day sublingual (doses above offer limited additional mu-occupancy due to ceiling). Pain (Belbuca): 900 mcg every 12 hours. (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No defined absolute maximum; dosing is guided by serum level monitoring. Levels above 1.5 mEq/L carry increasing toxicity risk. Levels consistently above 1.2 mEq/L are generally not maintained in clinical practice.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to INR target (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)

None (11) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · Anticoagulant effect at 24-72 hours; full INR effect 5-7 days (1) · Antimanic effects begin within 5-7 days of reaching therapeutic serum levels, with full response often requiring 2-3 weeks. For acute mania, a neuroleptic is typically added for rapid sedation while lithium takes effect.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (1) · Hours (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · Oral peak plasma 1 hour; therapeutic opioid blockade within hours of first dose. IM Vivitrol: peak plasma 2-3 days; therapeutic blockade through the dosing interval. (1) · Peak plasma concentration in 2-4 hours after oral administration. Clinically perceptible wakefulness-promoting effects typically begin within 1-2 hours of dosing.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Significant antidepressant response by week 1 in trials (faster than monoaminergic antidepressants which take 4-6 weeks) (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1) · Sublingual analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; MOUD craving suppression within hours; Butrans patch steady-state in 3 days. (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1) · ~30 min (1)

None (12) · 12 hours (1) · 2-5 days after stopping (factor II resynthesis-limited) (1) · 24 hours (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · Effective duration approximately 12-15 hours at the 200 mg dose, consistent with the elimination half-life. A single morning dose generally sustains wakefulness throughout the day without substantially disrupting nighttime sleep onset when taken early.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006D-QINU`"' (1) · MOUD: 24-72 hours per sublingual dose (long; permits every-other-day or three-times-weekly dosing in stable patients); Butrans patch: 7 days; Sublocade depot: 28+ days; Buprenex IV/IM: 6-8 hours. (1) · N/A (1) · Oral mu-blockade clinically meaningful for 24-72 hours; IM Vivitrol blockade through 4 weeks. (1) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1) · Sustained with twice-daily dosing (1) · ~7-8 hours (1)

None (13) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · 3-6 hours (longer in hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000378-QINU`"' (1) · 36-42 hours (R/S enantiomers differ; S-warfarin is 2-5× more potent and cleared by CYP2C9)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000705-QINU`"' (1) · Approximately 18-24 hours after acute administration; may extend to 36-48 hours with chronic dosing as tissue compartments equilibrate. Serum trough levels should be drawn 12 hours after the last dose for accurate interpretation.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) · Buprenorphine sublingual: 24-42 hours (long, contributes to extended dosing intervals). Norbuprenorphine (active metabolite, weaker mu-agonist): 24-48 hours.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · Dextromethorphan ~22 h (when CYP2D6 inhibited); bupropion ~21 h (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · Naltrexone parent ~4 hours (oral); 6-beta-naltrexol (active metabolite) ~13 hours. Vivitrol depot terminal half-life 5-10 days with sustained release from microspheres maintaining blockade for the 4-week dosing interval.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~30 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing and substantial drug-interaction window after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A47-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

None (12) · >90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized for the combination (1) · Oral bioavailability is not precisely established in the label but absorption is rapid and essentially complete. Food delays peak plasma concentration by approximately one hour but does not reduce the extent of absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006F-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (sublingual; the primary therapeutic route); ~10-20% (oral swallowed, low due to first-pass); ~50% (buccal Belbuca); transdermal Butrans bypasses first-pass.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-40% (oral, highly variable due to extensive first-pass metabolism; mean ~5-10% for parent naltrexone with the majority of pharmacologic effect coming from 6-beta-naltrexol). IM Vivitrol bypasses first-pass entirely.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"' (1) · ~62% (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1) · ~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"' (1)

None (15) · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified. (1) · Rx (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (6)