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Medicines (732)

Medicines > mechanism: None

& routes

: IV

or Sublingual

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1 g/d (oral); 6 g/d (IV) (1) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 100 mcg/d typical (1) · 120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) · 300 mg/d typical practical limit (toxicity rises sharply above) (1) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 4 g/d in healthy adults; 3 g/d conservative limit; 2 g/d in cirrhosis or chronic alcohol use (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) · 500 mg/d (typical regimen); single 2 g for Zmax; 2 g for select STIs (1) · 600 mg/d typical practical ceiling in heart failure (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · 800 mg/d (rarely needed) (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · Indication-specific (2) · Indication-specific; high-dose IV regimens for encephalitis or disseminated disease (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · IV peripheral 10 mEq/h (40 mEq/L); IV central 20 mEq/h with cardiac monitoring; PO single doses generally ≤40 mEq (1) · IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1) · Oral maintenance 400 mg/d typical; higher in refractory cases (1) · Rheumatologic ~25 mg/week; oncology indication-specific (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum (1) · Titrated; risk of hypercalcemia is the limiting factor (1) · Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1) · Transplant: regimen-specific (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1) · ~10 mg/d typical (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1) · ~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1) · ~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1)

15-30 minutes (1) · 15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal) (1) · 30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · 30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral) (1) · BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (2) · Days for calcium effect; weeks for PTH suppression (1) · Days for immunosuppressive effect (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Hours (9) · Hours (faster than T4); peak biologic activity 24-48 hours (1) · Hours (PO); IV faster but rate-limited (1) · Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) · IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) · IV: 5 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes (1) · IV: minutes; oral: weeks to load (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · PO 30-60 minutes; IV minutes (1) · PO: 30-60 minutes; IV: minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · Rheumatologic effect at 4-8 weeks; ectopic resolution over 2-3 weeks (1) · SC: 5-15 minutes (Fiasp 2.5 minutes earlier on average) (1) · Serum urate falls gradually over days to weeks; acute flare prevention requires colchicine cover during initiation (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment (1) · Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1)

12 hours (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (3) · 24-72 hours (1) · 3-4 hours (1) · 3-5 hours (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (4) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6-12 hours systemic (1) · 6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) · 6-8 hours (2) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · 8 hours per oral dose (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · Biologic 36-72 hours (long-acting) (1) · Biologic ~8-12 hours (short-acting) (1) · Dosing-frequency dependent (1) · Hours (1) · Hours per dose (much shorter biologic effect than ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol because it is the already-active form, not the storage form) (1) · IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · IV: 1-4 hours; PO: 3-8 hours (1) · IV: ~2 hours; PO: 6-8 hours (1) · N/A (1) · N/A (replacement) (2) · Once-weekly dosing in rheumatology (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1) · Tissue half-life supports once-daily and post-treatment effect (1) · Variable; depends on ongoing losses (1) · Weeks after discontinuation (extremely long half-life) (1)

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