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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > routes: Oral & onset : 1–2 h or 1–2 weeks for muscle effects; preventive migraine benefit accrues over 12-week cycles

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generic:
Bisoprolol (1) · Nebivolol (1)
brand:
Bystolic (1) · Zebeta (1)
classes:
Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1)
mechanism:
Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 5 mg daily (1)
preparations:
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1)
fda max:
20 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d (1)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset: (Click arrow to add another value)
duration:
24 h (2)
halflife:
9–12 h (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1)
bioavailability:
~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)
pregnancy:
Category C (2)
legal:
Rx-only in US (2)

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