Drilldown: Medicines

None (3) · Bisoprolol (1) · Calcium (carbonate, citrate, gluconate, chloride salts) (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Vardenafil (1)

Belsomra (1) · Bystolic (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Quviviq (1) · Tums, Caltrate, Os-Cal, Citracal; many generics (1) · Zebeta (1)

Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Antacids|Antacid (carbonate)]] (1) · [[:Category:Calcium_supplements|Calcium supplement]] (1) · [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (1)

None (2) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BB-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · Oral: 1000-1500 mg elemental calcium/day in divided doses for supplementation; IV gluconate 1 g (4.65 mEq) over 5-10 min for hyperkalemia or symptomatic hypocalcemia (1)

2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · Carbonate 200, 400, 500, 600 mg elemental tablets and chewables; citrate 200, 250, 315 mg elemental; gluconate 1 g (94 mg elemental, 4.65 mEq) IV; chloride 1 g (270 mg elemental, 13.6 mEq) IV (1)

10 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/d (3) · 40 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (1) · ~2500 mg elemental/d combined diet + supplements (chronic; UL) (1)

IV (gluconate or chloride for acute use) (1) · Oral (7)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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24 h (2) · 4–5 h (1) · Variable (1) · ~7-8 hours (3)

4–5 h (1) · 9–12 h (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte) (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

Carbonate ~30-40% (best with food and acid); citrate ~24% (absorbable without acid; preferred in achlorhydria, PPI use, post-bariatric) (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~44% (1) · ~62% (1) · ~82% (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)

Category B (1) · Category C (2) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Routinely supplemented in pregnancy; needs higher in pregnancy and lactation.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (oral supplements) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only in US (3)