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Drilldown: Medicines
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Choose a table:
Medicines (732)
Medicines
> uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"'
&
onset
:
1–2 h
or
BP effect within 1-2 weeks
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
Nebivolol (1)
brand:
Bystolic (1)
classes:
Beta Blocker (1)
·
Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1)
mechanism:
The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)
uses:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"'
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"'
·
Preventive treatment of migraine in adults (episodic and chronic)
·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"'
·
(investigational) '"`UNIQ--vote-000000EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000F3-QINU`"'
·
Acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults
·
ADHD in children (6+), adolescents, and adults (FDA-approved 2021 for pediatric, 2022 for adult)
·
ADHD, narcolepsy
·
Alzheimer disease (FDA accelerated approval June 2021; '''withdrawn from market January 2024''' by manufacturer Biogen). At time of approval indicated for MCI or mild dementia stage of AD.
·
Alzheimer disease (MCI or mild dementia stage), FDA-approved July 2024
Other values:
Alzheimer disease (MCI or mild dementia stage); FDA accelerated approval Jan 2023 → traditional approval July 2023
Antimanic, Antidepressive, Antisuicide
Chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month), cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, strabismus, spasticity, cosmetic problems
Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic musculoskeletal pain
Excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Excessive daytime sleepiness or cataplexy in adults with narcolepsy (FDA-approved August 2019)
Hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Investigational for psychosis in other dementias and as augmentation for depression.
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease.
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019)
Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022)
Investigational for major depressive disorder; trials underway (phase 3 mixed results)
Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2011)
Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved 2013). Notable for evidence of cognitive benefit (processing speed) that distinguishes it from other antidepressants.
Major depressive disorder in adults (FDA-approved August 2022)
Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose).
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies.
Pain, cough, disquiet
Postpartum depression (PPD) in adults
Postpartum depression (PPD) in adults (FDA-approved 2023)
Preventive treatment of migraine in adults
Preventive treatment of migraine in adults; episodic cluster headache
Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Acute manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. Bipolar I depression (FDA-approved 2019). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (FDA-approved Dec 2022).
Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline).
Schizophrenia (FDA-approved Dec 2019). Bipolar depression as monotherapy or adjunct to lithium/valproate (FDA-approved Dec 2021).
Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, agitation, delirium, Tourette syndrome, severe nausea
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in adults, as adjunct to oral antidepressant (FDA-approved March 2019). Depressive symptoms in adults with MDD with acute suicidal ideation or behavior (FDA-approved Aug 2020).
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (adjunct, second-line)
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (incl. pediatric ≥10 y) · [[Obesity]] (incl. pediatric ≥12 y) · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in obesity without diabetes · [[MASH]] with stage 2–3 fibrosis · [[Chronic kidney disease]] in T2DM
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Obstructive sleep apnea]] in obesity
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000000C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000000F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000011-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000029-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000002A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000033-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000034-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000035-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000034-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000035-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000039-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000040-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000042-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000043-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000044-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000050-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000055-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000056-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000057-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000058-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000056-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000057-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000063-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000064-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000075-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000076-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000077-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000088-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000089-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000008F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000090-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000091-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000092-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000095-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000096-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000095-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000096-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000097-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000098-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000BB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000DA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000DB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000DC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000DD-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000000F9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000FA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000FB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000119-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000011C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000013A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000015B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000015C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000015D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000178-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000179-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000019B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000019C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000019D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000019E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000019F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001A0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000001BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001BB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000001D9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001DA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001DB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001DC-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000001F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001F9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001FA-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000021C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000021F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000220-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000221-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000239-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000023A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000257-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000258-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000259-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000025A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000278-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000279-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000027A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000027B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000029D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000029E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000029F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002A1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002A2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000002C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002C2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002C3-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000002C1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000002D8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000002EE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000002EF-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000030B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000030E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000032C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000032F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000034F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000350-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000351-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000352-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000353-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000374-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000375-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000376-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000377-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000393-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000394-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000395-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B9-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003D3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003D4-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000003F6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003F7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003F9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003FA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003FB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000415-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000416-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000042D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000042E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000042F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000430-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000044C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000044F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000468-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000475-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000476-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000477-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000478-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000479-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000491-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004AB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004AC-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004BB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004CA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004CB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004CC-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004ED-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000004F5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000004F9-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000050F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000510-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000511-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000512-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000052E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000052F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000530-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000054E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000054F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000550-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000551-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000562-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000563-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000564-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000565-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000566-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000056B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000586-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000587-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000588-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005B6-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005D2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005D5-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005E8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005E9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005EA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005EB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000005EF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000005F1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000607-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000608-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000609-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000060A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000061F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000620-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000063E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000063F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000640-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000641-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000661-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000662-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000663-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000664-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000665-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000683-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000684-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000685-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000686-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000006A2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006A3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006A4-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000006C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006C2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000006DE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000006E0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000700-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000701-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000702-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000703-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000704-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000705-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000706-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000717-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000718-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000719-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000722-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000723-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000724-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000725-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000738-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000739-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000073A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000749-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000758-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000759-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000075A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000764-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000780-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000781-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000782-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000079C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000079D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000007C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007C7-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000007E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007E8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007E9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007EA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000007EB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000805-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000806-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000822-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000823-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000840-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000841-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000862-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000863-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000864-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000865-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000866-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000884-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000885-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000886-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000887-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008A1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008A2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C3-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008E3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008E7-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000909-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000090A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000090B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000090C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000090D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000090E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000932-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000933-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000934-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000935-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000936-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000937-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000952-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000953-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000977-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000978-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000979-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000097A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000097B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000099F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009A4-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000009BE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009BF-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000009DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000009E3-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000009FF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A00-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A01-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A1F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A20-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A21-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A45-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A46-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A66-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A67-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A68-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A69-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A6A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A90-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAF-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000ACD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ACE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ACF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AD0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000AEC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AED-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B08-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B09-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B23-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B24-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B45-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B61-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B62-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B63-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000B81-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B82-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B83-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BA2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BBC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BBD-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BEA-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C2E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C2F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C30-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C31-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C4C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C4D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C70-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C71-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C8F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C90-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C91-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CB0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CB1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CB2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000CEF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF4-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D13-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D14-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D15-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D16-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D38-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D39-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D57-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D58-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D80-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D81-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DA0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000DBE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DBF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DC0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DC1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000DDF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DE0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DE1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DE2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000DFC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DFD-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E23-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E24-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E25-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E26-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E27-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E28-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E29-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E2A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E50-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E51-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E71-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E72-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E73-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E74-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E75-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000E91-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E92-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E93-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000EAF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EB0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EB1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000ECF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000EF8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F1B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F1C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F1D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F1E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F1F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F40-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F41-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F44-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F5D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F78-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F79-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F7A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000F98-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F99-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F9A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F9B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FB3-QINU`"', '''adjunctive only''' (does not treat the underlying infection)
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FCF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FD1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000FF8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001016-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001019-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001035-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001036-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001037-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000104E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000104F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000106A-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000108C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000108F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001090-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001091-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010AF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000111D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000113C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000113E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000115F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001160-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001161-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001162-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001163-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000117B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001199-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000119A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000119B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BB-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BC-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011BD-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011D7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000011F6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011F7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011F8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001215-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001216-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001217-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001235-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001236-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001237-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001238-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000124D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000124F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000126B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000126C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000126D-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000129E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012B9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012BB-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012D0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001303-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001304-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001305-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001306-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001307-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001308-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001309-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000131A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000131B-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000132E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000132F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001330-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001341-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001342-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001358-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001359-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001372-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001373-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001393-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001394-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001395-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001396-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001397-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000013B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B5-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000013CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013D0-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000013F0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013F1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013F2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013F3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013F4-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001414-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001415-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001416-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001417-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001418-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000143C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001440-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001441-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000145E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000145F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001460-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000147C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000147D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000147E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000149A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000149B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000149C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014BE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014BF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C2-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014DF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014E0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014E1-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014F9-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001515-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001516-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000152F-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000154B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000154C-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001567-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-00001582-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000159D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000159E-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000015B6-QINU`"'
'"`UNIQ--vote-000015D0-QINU`"'
Search
starting dose:
5 mg daily (1)
preparations:
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1)
fda max:
40 mg/d (1)
routes:
Oral (1)
onset:
(Click arrow to add another value)
None
·
Hours
·
30-60 minutes
·
1-2 hours
·
~30 min
·
LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks
·
~1 hour
·
15-30 minutes
·
15–30 min
· 1–2 h ·
30–60 min
·
Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks
·
BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks
· BP effect within 1-2 weeks ·
Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours
·
Days
·
Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose
·
Over weeks
·
Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks
·
Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks
Other values:
'''Anxiolytic effect emerges over 2-4 weeks'''; buspirone does NOT work for acute anxiety, which is the central teaching point and the most common cause of treatment failure
1 hour PO; minutes IV
1-2 hours (oral)
1-2 hours (slower than immediate-release amphetamine because activation requires enzymatic cleavage in red blood cells)
1-2 hours PO
1-2 hours for migraine relief
1-2 weeks for antidepressant effect; smoking-cessation effect builds over the first 1-2 weeks
1-2 weeks for neuropathic pain and anxiolytic effect; anticonvulsant effect at therapeutic plasma level
1-3 days
1-3 hours (slower onset than cetirizine; symptom relief somewhat less)
10 minutes (SC); 15-30 minutes (nasal); 30-60 minutes (oral)
10-30 minutes
10-30 minutes (IR)
15 minutes
15-20 minutes
15-30 minutes (oral)
15-30 minutes (oral); 1-2 minutes (IV)
15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal)
15–30 min (fasting)
1–2 h (PO), immediate (IV)
1–2 h (PO); immediate (IV)
1–2 weeks for muscle effects; preventive migraine benefit accrues over 12-week cycles
2-3 hours per dose; full acid suppression after 3-5 days
20 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV)
20-45 min subjective onset; psilocin formation from psilocybin requires intestinal and hepatic alkaline phosphatase
20-60 minutes
20–60 min (oral)
30 min
30 minutes
30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral)
30 minutes PO; minutes IV
30 minutes for migraine relief
30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch)
30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release)
30-60 min (sedation); days to weeks (neuroleptic effect)
30-60 minutes (IR)
30-60 minutes (PO)
30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral)
30-60 minutes (oral)
30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM)
30-60 minutes (oral); rapid relief in acute gout
30-60 minutes (oral); slower for topical
30–60 min (PO)
30–60 min (SL)
30–60 minutes
30–90 min
4-6 weeks for full antidepressant effect (claimed earlier onset for some patients due to 5HT1A partial agonism)
45-75 min (oral)
5-10 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (oral IR); slower for ER and rectal
<1 minute (IV); 1-2 minutes (infiltration); 30+ minutes (patch on adult skin, faster on thinner pediatric skin)
ADHD effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (slower than psychostimulants); full effect 4-6 weeks
ADHD symptom improvement reported within 1-2 weeks (faster than atomoxetine which takes 4-6 weeks)
AF conversion within hours of single PO dose
Acid suppression within hours; full effect after 3-5 days of dosing
Acute: minutes (IV); chronic: bone effect over months
Amyloid PET clearance within months; cognitive benefit over 18 months
Analgesia within 30 minutes; full anti-inflammatory effect over days
Analgesia within hours; anti-inflammatory effect over days
Analgesic effect within hours; full anti-inflammatory effect over 1-2 weeks
Anti-inflammatory effect within 24 hours of gout flare onset; loses effectiveness if delayed
Anticoagulant effect at 24-72 hours; full INR effect 5-7 days
Anticonvulsant effect emerges with slow titration over weeks; tremor effect over weeks
Anticonvulsant effect within days at therapeutic level; migraine prophylaxis effect emerges over 2-3 months
Anticonvulsant effect within days at therapeutic plasma level
Anticonvulsant effect within days at therapeutic plasma level; rapid titration possible
Anticonvulsant effect within days; mood-stabilizing effect 1-3 weeks
Anticonvulsant effect within days; trigeminal neuralgia relief 24-72 hours; mood-stabilizing effect over weeks
Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks
Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; anxiolytic effect over 4-6 weeks
Antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks
Antidepressant effect within hours of infusion start; sustained at 30 days
Antiepileptic effect within days at therapeutic level; mood-stabilizing effect emerges over weeks
Antihypertensive effect within 1 week; heart-failure mortality benefit accrues over months of titration
Antiplatelet effect within 2 hours of a loading dose; steady-state at 5-7 days of maintenance dosing
Antiplatelet effect within 30 minutes of loading dose (faster than clopidogrel)
Antiplatelet effect within 30-60 minutes; analgesic effect 30-60 minutes
Antipsychotic effect over weeks
Anxiolysis classically 3-4 weeks, continuing improvement to 8-12 weeks
Appetite suppression within hours; weight loss over weeks-months
BP effect 1 hour; max at 4-6 hours
BP effect 1-2 hours; max at 6 hours
BP effect 1-2 weeks; antihypertensive peak 3-6 weeks
BP effect 1-2 weeks; max at 2-3 weeks
BP effect 2 hours; max at 4-6 weeks
BP effect within 24 hours; full effect at 1-2 weeks (long half-life)
BP effect within hours (oral); 5-10 minutes (IV)
BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic)
BP effect within hours; full effect over 1-2 weeks
BP lowering within 1 hour; max at 6 hours
BP lowering within 1 hour; max effect at 6 hours
BPH symptom improvement at 3-6 months; prostate volume reduction over 6-12 months; hair regrowth at 6-12 months
Benefit over weeks of dosing
Biochemical improvement within 2-4 weeks; full euthyroid state 6-12 weeks
Bone marker reduction within weeks; BMD improvement at 1-3 years; fracture-risk reduction documented at 3-5 years
Bowel movement within 1 week; abdominal pain improvement over weeks
Bronchodilation 15-30 minutes
Bronchodilation 30 minutes; steady-state at 1-2 weeks
Bronchodilation within 1-2 hours; full controller effect 1-2 weeks
Caries reduction over months to years of consistent use
Clinical and mycologic cure follows the full course; nail clearance over months of regrowth
Cognitive effect emerges gradually over weeks to months; ceiling effect at the therapeutic dose
Cognitive effect emerges gradually over weeks to months; symptomatic effect only
Component effects accumulate over weeks
Constipation: 1-3 days; bowel prep: 1-3 hours after starting
Constipation: 24-48 hours; HE: ammonia reduction within hours of stool production
Contraception within 48 hours of starting (POP); endometrial effects days
Contraceptive within 24 hours if given in first 5 days of cycle; otherwise backup for 7 days
Day 3 of dosing in trials; sustained through day 45
Days for calcium effect; weeks for PTH suppression
Days for dermatophyte clearance; nail clearance over months
Days for immunosuppressive effect
Days for symptom improvement in scurvy
Days to weeks for tissue saturation
Days to weeks to raise 25(OH)D; clinical effect on bone over months
Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks
Diuresis at 2-3 hours; BP effect over weeks
Effect demonstrated within 24 hours in some patients
Effects accumulate over weeks; assess at 8 weeks
Estrogen suppression within days; clinical effect over months
First bowel movement within 1-2 hours
Glucose lowering within days; HbA1c effect at 8-12 weeks
Glycemic effect within days; full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000301-QINU`"'
Glycemic effect within days; near-maximal HbA1c effect by 4 weeks at any given dose'"`UNIQ--ref-00000057-QINU`"'
Glycemic effect within days; weight effect over weeks to months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000188-QINU`"'
Glycemic effect within days;<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU`"'
Glycemic effect within hours (Byetta); weeks (Bydureon, extended-release microsphere)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EA-QINU`"'
Glycosuria within hours; HbA1c effect at 12 weeks; CV/renal benefits over months
Glycosuria within hours; HbA1c effect at 12 weeks; cardiovascular and renal benefits over months
Gradual; full clinical effect over 2-4 weeks of titration
HbA1c effect at 12-16 weeks (slower than other classes)
Headache relief at 30-60 minutes
Hematologic response within days
Hours (PO); IV faster but rate-limited
Hours (faster than T4); peak biologic activity 24-48 hours
Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic)
Hours (transdermal); days (IM esters)
Hours to days
Hours to days for inflammation; substantial improvement within 1 week
IM: 5-10 minutes; IV: seconds; nebulized: 5-10 minutes
IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours
IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours
IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours
IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months
IR 20 minutes; ER ~6 hours
IR: 30–60 min; XR: 1–2 h to peak effect
IV pulse: hours; PO: hours; intra-articular: days
IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes
IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours
IV: 3-7 minutes (rate control); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours
IV: 5 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes
IV: 5-20 minutes; PO: 30-60 minutes
IV: minutes; IM benzathine: depot levels last weeks
IV: minutes; oral: weeks to load
Immediate (IV)
Immediate (IV); within minutes (oral antacid)
Immediate intravascular expansion
Inhaled: 5-15 minutes; PO: 30 minutes
Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; nasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; topical: hours
Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; oral GI effect 1-2 weeks
Intranasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks
LDL lowering at 1 week, max by 4 weeks
LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks; cardiovascular benefit months to years
LDL lowering within 2 weeks
LDL reduction ~50-60% from baseline at 1-2 weeks
Lipid changes 4-8 weeks
Migraine effect after 1-3 months of daily use
Minutes
Modest appetite suppression within weeks; weight loss over months
Mood improvement at 1-3 weeks; full effect 4-6 weeks
Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks.
Mucosal protection within hours; ulcer healing over 2-4 weeks
Natriuresis at 2-3 days; endocrine effects (gynecomastia, antiandrogen action) over weeks
Neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks
Neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks; activation symptoms (akathisia, insomnia) often within days
Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia effect emerges over 1-2 weeks
OCD effect over 1-2 weeks initial, with full effect typically 6-12 weeks; among the slowest SSRIs for OCD response
Onset of preventive effect over weeks; some patients respond after first dose
Oral: hours; IV: minutes
PBA episode reduction within 1-2 weeks
PET Aβ reduction over months
PO 1 hour; IV 10 minutes
PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min
PO 30-60 minutes; IV minutes
PO 6-12 hours; PR 15-60 minutes
PO: 30-60 minutes; IV: minutes
Pain and migraine prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks
Pain relief reported within 15 min in trials
Peak anticoagulant effect 2-4 hours
Peak anticoagulant effect 3-4 hours
Peak plasma at 1-2 hours; clinical effect within 24-72 hours
Prostate volume reduction over 6-12 months
Rapid (within 1 week in trials)
Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding)
Reticulocyte response at 7-10 days; hemoglobin rise of ~1 g/dL per 3 weeks
Rheumatologic effect at 4-8 weeks; ectopic resolution over 2-3 weeks
Rheumatologic effect at 6-12 weeks
SC: 5-15 minutes (Fiasp 2.5 minutes earlier on average)
SC: 5-15 minutes; ultra-rapid Lyumjev faster
SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes
SL: 2-5 minutes; PO mononitrate: 30-60 minutes
Seconds
Sedation from first dose; neuroleptic effect emerges over days to weeks
Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days
Serum urate falls gradually over days to weeks; acute flare prevention requires colchicine cover during initiation
Significant antidepressant response by week 1 in trials (faster than monoaminergic antidepressants which take 4-6 weeks)
Sleep effect from first dose; analgesic and migraine-prophylaxis effect 1-4 weeks; antidepressant effect 4-6 weeks
Sleep effect within 30-60 minutes; antidepressant effect over 1-2 weeks
Slow, 2–6 h
Slowing of cognitive decline over 18 months (modest effect, ~27% relative slowing)
Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min
Symptom improvement within 1 week; peak effect at 4-6 weeks
Symptom improvement within 1-2 weeks
Symptom improvement within weeks
Symptom relief 1-4 days; full acid suppression after 3-5 days of dosing
Symptom relief within 24-48 hours
Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment
Symptom relief within 30 minutes
Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes
Symptom relief within days
Symptom shortening detectable within 24-48 hours of starting (small absolute benefit; ~1 day reduction in symptom duration)
Symptomatic effect within weeks; full response by 12-24 weeks
Symptomatic improvement 2-4 weeks
TSH normalization 4-8 weeks
TSH normalization 4-8 weeks; symptomatic improvement weeks to months
Topical hours; intra-articular days to weeks
Topical hours; oral days
Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course
Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days
Triglyceride lowering at 2-4 weeks; max at 8 weeks
Triglyceride lowering at 4-8 weeks
Triglyceride lowering at 4-8 weeks; CV benefit emerges over months
Typical antidepressant 4-6 week onset
Urinary concentration adequate within hours
Vasomotor relief 2-4 weeks; bone density gains over months
Visible lightening at 4-12 weeks
Wake-promoting effect over weeks of titration
Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks
Weeks for psychosis/mood efficacy
Weeks to raise 25(OH)D into reference range
Within 30 minutes (IR)
Within hours of first administration
Within minutes
~15 min (fastest of the PDE5 inhibitors)
~15–30 min
~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal.
~30 minutes (oral)
~30-60 min
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duration:
24 h (1)
halflife:
~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1)
bioavailability:
~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1)
pregnancy:
Category C (1)
legal:
Rx-only in US (1)
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