Drilldown: Medicines

Bisoprolol (1) · Lovastatin (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Pravastatin (1) · Simvastatin (1) · Sodium chloride (1)

Altoprev (ER), Mevacor (discontinued US); mostly generic (1) · Bystolic (1) · Normal saline, NaCl injection, many; nebulized: HyperSal, PulmoSal (1) · Pravachol (1) · Zebeta (1) · Zocor (1)

Beta Blocker (2) · Cardioselective (β1) (1) · Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) · [[:Category:Crystalloid_IV_fluids|Crystalloid IV fluid]] (1) · [[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (1) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (3) · [[:Category:Statins|Statin]] (3)

None (2) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000037-QINU`"' Hypertonic 3% is the standard urgent treatment of severely symptomatic hyponatremia'"`UNIQ--ref-00000038-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003D1-QINU`"' SLCO1B1 polymorphism affects exposure but is most clinically actionable for simvastatin'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D2-QINU`"'. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000039-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000178-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000179-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003D3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003D4-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000805-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000806-QINU`"' (1)

10-20 mg PO once daily in the evening (40 mg starting allowed for high CV risk) (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 20 mg PO once daily with the evening meal; titrate to 40-80 mg/d (1) · 40 mg PO once daily (10-20 mg in elderly, hepatic impairment, or strong drug interactions) (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1)

0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g) (1) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets (1) · 10, 20, 40 mg tablets; 20, 40, 60 mg ER tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 mg tablets; 4 mg/mL oral suspension (1)

20 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/d standard; 80 mg/d restricted to patients tolerating 80 mg for ≥12 months without myopathy (post-SEARCH 2011 FDA restriction) (1) · 80 mg/d (1) · 80 mg/d (40 mg/d if combined with diltiazem, verapamil, danazol; lower limits with various interactions) (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1)

intranasal (1) · IV (1) · nebulized (1) · ophthalmic (1) · Oral (6)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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24 h (2) · 24 hours (2) · 24 hours (evening dosing aligns with overnight HMG-CoA reductase peak) (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1)

9–12 h (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~2 hours (parent and active β-hydroxy acid metabolite); pharmacodynamic effect lasts 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017A-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3 hours (parent); pharmacodynamic effect 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D5-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-4 hours (parent and active β-hydroxy acid metabolite); pharmacodynamic effect 24 hours via target turnover'"`UNIQ--ref-00000807-QINU`"' (1)

100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; food enhances absorption of IR, hence the evening-meal dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000808-QINU`"' (1) · <5% (extensive hepatic first-pass; statin pharmacology is hepatocellular, not systemic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000017B-QINU`"' (1) · ~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~17% (oral; food slightly reduces absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000003D6-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1)

Category C (2) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (3) · Standard fluid and electrolyte management (1)

Rx-only in US (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for parenteral formulations; OTC for oral, nasal, and many nebulizer products (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (3)