Drilldown: Medicines
Medicines > onset 
:
1–2 h or
Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose or
~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal.
:
1–2 h or
Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose or
~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. Use the filters below to narrow your results.
generic:
brand:
classes:
Beta Blocker (2) ·
Cardioselective (β1) (1) ·
Cardioselective (β1) + vasodilator (1) ·
Designer benzodiazepine (1) ·
Research material (1) ·
Sedative-Hypnotic (1) ·
Triazolobenzodiazepine (1) ·
[[:Category:Antiparkinsonians|Antiparkinsonian]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Dopamine agonists|Dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist (non-ergot)]] (2)
mechanism:
None (2) ·
Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) ·
Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl<sup>−</sup> channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) ·
The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)
uses:
No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000059D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000636-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000637-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000638-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) ·
5 mg daily (1) ·
No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) ·
Parkinson disease: 0.125 mg PO TID, titrate weekly to maintenance ~1.5 mg TID. Restless legs syndrome: 0.125 mg PO 2-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 0.5 mg/day if needed (1) ·
Parkinson disease: 0.25 mg PO TID, titrate weekly. Restless legs syndrome: 0.25 mg PO 1-3 hours before bedtime, titrate to 4 mg/day if needed (1)
preparations:
2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) ·
5, 10 mg tabs (1) ·
Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) ·
IR tablets 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 mg; ER tablets 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, 2.25, 3, 3.75, 4.5 mg (1) ·
IR tablets 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mg; XL tablets 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 mg (1)
fda max:
onset: (Click arrow to add another value)
duration:
halflife:
8-12 hours (longer in elderly and renal impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) ·
9–12 h (1) ·
Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) ·
~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) ·
~6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
pregnancy:
Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) ·
Category C (2) ·
Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; rarely indicated in pregnancy given the typical patient population.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
Showing below up to 5 results in range #1 to #5.