Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Dexmethylphenidate (1) · Sildenafil (1)

Botox (1) · Focalin, Focalin XR (1) · Viagra, Revatio (1)

CNS stimulant (1) · NDRI (1) · neuromuscular blocker (presynaptic) (1) · Neurotoxin (1) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Psychostimulant (1)

Cleaves SNAP-25 protein in presynaptic motor and autonomic nerve terminals, blocking acetylcholine release; in chronic migraine, hypothesized to inhibit peripheral sensitization of trigeminovascular nociceptors (1) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) · Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), preventing cGMP breakdown in vascular smooth muscle. In the corpus cavernosum, potentiates the NO/cGMP cascade triggered by sexual stimulation. (1)

Chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month), cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, strabismus, spasticity, cosmetic problems (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000150-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000151-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000705-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000706-QINU`"' (1)

None (1) · 50 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · Chronic migraine (PREEMPT protocol): 155 units divided across 31 sites in 7 head/neck muscle groups every 12 weeks (1)

None (1) · 25, 50, 100 mg tabs (Viagra); 20 mg tabs and 10 mg/mL oral suspension (Revatio) (1) · 50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution (1)

None (1) · 100 mg/d (ED); 20 mg TID (PAH) (1) · 195 units/treatment for chronic migraine; max varies by problem (1)

Intramuscular (PREEMPT injections for migraine) (1) · IV (Revatio) (1) · Oral (2)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1) · ~12 weeks (1) · ~4 h (1)

2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) · Tissue half-life not formally measured; clinical effect ~12 weeks (1) · ~4 h (1)

Local (intramuscular) (1) · ~22–25% (1) · ~40% (1)

Category B (1) · Category C (1) · Category C; limited data (1)

Rx-only in US (1) · Rx; black-box warning for distant spread of toxin effect (1) · Schedule II (1)