Drilldown: Medicines

Fexofenadine (1) · Glimepiride (1) · Insulin detemir (1) · Insulin glargine (1) · Labetalol (1) · Linagliptin (1) · Sitagliptin (1)

Allegra, Allegra Allergy 24 Hour, Mucinex Allergy (combo) — all now OTC in US (1) · Amaryl (1) · Januvia; with metformin Janumet/Janumet XR (1) · Lantus, Basaglar, Semglee, Toujeo (U-300) (1) · Levemir, Levemir FlexTouch (US discontinuation announced 2024) (1) · Tradjenta; with metformin Jentadueto (1) · Trandate, Normodyne (discontinued in US) (1)

[[:Category:Antihistamines|Antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (3) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) · [[:Category:Basal_insulins|Basal insulin]] (2) · [[:Category:Beta blockers|Combined alpha-1 and non-selective beta blocker]] (1) · [[:Category:DPP-4_inhibitors|DPP-4 inhibitor]] (2) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist (second-generation)]] (1) · [[:Category:Incretin_modulators|Incretin pathway modulator]] (2) · [[:Category:Insulins|Insulin]] (2) · [[:Category:Insulin_secretagogues|Insulin secretagogue]] (1) · [[:Category:Long-acting_insulins|Long-acting insulin analog]] (2) · [[:Category:Sulfonylureas|Sulfonylurea (third-generation)]] (1)

None (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"' The favorable pregnancy safety profile and the dual mechanism support its first-line role in pregnancy-associated hypertension and in hypertensive emergencies where rapid, controllable BP reduction is needed'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000237-QINU`"' Binds the same insulin receptor as endogenous insulin with comparable mitogenic-to-metabolic ratio; provides basal hepatic glucose suppression and peripheral glucose uptake without prandial peaks'"`UNIQ--ref-00000238-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000762-QINU`"' Largely renally cleared, hence the eGFR-tiered dosing. Rare but well-documented signals: acute pancreatitis (uncertain causal contribution), severe joint pain, and bullous pemphigoid (class effect, especially in older Asian patients)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000763-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CC9-QINU`"' Mostly excreted unchanged in feces and urine; P-glycoprotein substrate (the basis of the fruit-juice interaction). (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000239-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000023A-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000491-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000764-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCA-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CCB-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000117B-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001372-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001373-QINU`"' (1)

1-2 mg PO once daily with breakfast; titrate by glycemic response (1) · 100 mg PO once daily (50 mg if CrCl 30-44; 25 mg if <30 or dialysis) (1) · 5 mg PO once daily (no renal dose adjustment, unlike sitagliptin) (1) · 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg PO once daily (1) · Oral: 100 mg PO BID, titrate to 400 mg BID. IV: 20 mg over 2 minutes, repeat 40-80 mg every 10 minutes as needed (maximum cumulative 300 mg); continuous infusion 2 mg/minute (1) · ~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose (1) · ~10 units SC at the same time daily, or 0.1-0.2 units/kg/d; titrate by fasting glucose. Frequently dosed BID at moderate-to-high doses (1)

1 mg, 2 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 100 U/mL (Lantus, Basaglar, Semglee) vials and pens; 300 U/mL (Toujeo) pens (1) · 100 U/mL FlexTouch pen, vial (1) · 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin (1) · 30, 60, 180 mg tablets; 30 mg ODT; 6 mg/mL oral suspension; all OTC (1) · 5 mg tablets; combination with metformin (1) · Tablets 100, 200, 300 mg; injection 5 mg/mL (1)

100 mg/d (1) · 180 mg/d (adults) (1) · 2400 mg/day (oral); 300 mg total per IV bolus dosing series (1) · 5 mg/d (1) · 8 mg/d (1) · Titrated to glucose (1) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed ceiling (1)

intravenous (1) · Oral (5) · Subcutaneous (1) · Subcutaneous (never IV; not for use in insulin pumps) (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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12-24 hours (1) · 24 hours (3) · 8-12 hours (oral); 4-6 hours (IV) (1) · ~12-24 hours (dose-dependent; BID dosing often needed at higher doses) (1) · ~24 hours per dose (peakless profile by design) (1)

~12 hours (effective); terminal much longer'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117C-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours apparent (functional duration ~24 hours due to depot release kinetics)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000023B-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000765-QINU`"' (1) · ~14 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCC-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-9 hours (parent and active metabolites combined)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000492-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 hours apparent'"`UNIQ--ref-00001374-QINU`"' (1)

~100% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000493-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% from subcutaneous depot (by definition of the route) (1) · ~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117D-QINU`"' (1) · ~33% (oral; fruit juices including grapefruit, orange, and apple reduce absorption substantially via OATP1A2 inhibition — distinctive interaction not seen with most other H1s)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CCD-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% from subcutaneous depot (reduced by reversible albumin binding via the myristic acid side chain that also extends duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001375-QINU`"' (1) · ~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"' (1)

'''Among the safest antihypertensives in pregnancy''', recommended for chronic hypertension during pregnancy and first-line for severe hypertension in preeclampsia and eclampsia'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid; switch to insulin. Neonatal hypoglycemia reported.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; loratadine and cetirizine have more pregnancy data and are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Insulin is the preferred glucose-lowering therapy in pregnancy; glargine has reassuring observational data, though NPH and detemir remain the traditional choices.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · One of the better-studied basal insulin analogs in pregnancy; reassuring data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (6)