Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Khat (1) · Tea (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Botox (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Excitantia (2) · neuromuscular blocker (presynaptic) (1) · Neurotoxin (1) · Plant Medicine (2)

Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Cleaves SNAP-25 protein in presynaptic motor and autonomic nerve terminals, blocking acetylcholine release; in chronic migraine, hypothesized to inhibit peripheral sensitization of trigeminovascular nociceptors (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1)

Chronic migraine (≥15 headache days/month), cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hyperhidrosis, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, strabismus, spasticity, cosmetic problems (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1)

A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · Chronic migraine (PREEMPT protocol): 155 units divided across 31 sites in 7 head/neck muscle groups every 12 weeks (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1)

50, 100, or 200 unit vials of lyophilized powder for reconstitution (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1)

None (2) · 195 units/treatment for chronic migraine; max varies by problem (1)

Intramuscular (PREEMPT injections for migraine) (1) · Oral (1) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · ~12 weeks (1)

None (1) · Tissue half-life not formally measured; clinical effect ~12 weeks (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)

None (2) · Local (intramuscular) (1)

None (2) · Category C; limited data (1)

None (1) · Rx; black-box warning for distant spread of toxin effect (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1)