Drilldown: Medicines

Khat (1) · Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (1) · Tea (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Multiple OTC dietary supplement formulations (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Excitantia (2) · Plant Medicine (2) · [[:Category:Chronobiotics|Chronobiotic (circadian phase regulator)]] (1) · [[:Category:Melatonin receptor agonists|Melatonin receptor agonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid]] (1)

None (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1)

0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1)

Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg (1)

None (2) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1)

Oral (2) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · sublingual (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

Search

2–4 h (1) · 3-4 hours (1) · 3–4 h (1)

None (1) · 30-50 minutes (short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)

None (2) · ~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · Limited human data; endogenous hormone, but supplemental pharmacological doses are not well characterized in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] dietary supplement in the US ('''not FDA-regulated as a medicine'''; multiple studies show OTC products contain 50-470% of labeled melatonin content); [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in the EU and UK (1)