Drilldown: Medicines

None (3) · Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) (1) · Khat (1) · Tea (1) · Vardenafil (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Bayer, Ecotrin, Bufferin, St. Joseph (low-dose 81 mg), Excedrin (with acetaminophen and caffeine) (1) · Belsomra (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Quviviq (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) · Excitantia (2) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Plant Medicine (2) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiplatelets|Antiplatelet]] (1) · [[:Category:Antipyretics|Antipyretic]] (1) · [[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)]] (1)

None (2) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · Antiplatelet: 81 mg PO once daily. Acute MI/stroke: 162-325 mg chewed. Analgesic: 325-650 mg PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1)

2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Tablets 81 (low-dose), 325, 500, 650 mg; chewable 81 mg; enteric-coated tablets; effervescent tablets; suppositories (1)

None (2) · 10 mg/d (1) · 20 mg/d (2) · 4000 mg/day (analgesic) (1) · 50 mg/d (1)

Oral (6) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · rectal (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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'''Antiplatelet effect lasts the platelet's lifetime (~7-10 days)''' due to irreversible COX-1 acetylation; analgesic 4-6 hours (1) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4–5 h (1) · ~7-8 hours (3)

None (1) · 4–5 h (1) · Aspirin 15-30 minutes; salicylate metabolite 2-3 hours (concentration-dependent, saturable at high doses)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

None (2) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~44% (1) · ~50% (oral; reduced by buffering and enteric coating but onset clinically similar)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · ~62% (1) · ~82% (1)

None (2) · Category B (1) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Low-dose (81 mg) safe and indicated for preeclampsia prophylaxis after 12 weeks in high-risk patients per USPSTF; high-dose aspirin avoid third trimester due to premature ductus arteriosus closure and bleeding risk (1)

None (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only in US (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] in US at all standard strengths (1)