Drilldown: Medicines

None (1) · Khat (1) · Tea (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Nuplazid (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Excitantia (2) · Plant Medicine (2) · Selective 5HT2A inverse agonist (with weaker 5HT2C inverse agonism) (1)

Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1) · Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline. (1)

Hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Investigational for psychosis in other dementias and as augmentation for depression. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1)

34 mg PO once daily (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1)

10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1)

None (2) · 34 mg/d (1)

Oral (2) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · Daily dosing (1)

None (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1)

None (2) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1)

None (2) · Limited data; avoid (1)

None (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1)