Drilldown: Medicines

Ketoconazole (1) · Khat (1) · Tea (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Nizoral (oral discontinued in US for most fungal indications; topical still widely available) (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Excitantia (2) · Plant Medicine (2) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (imidazole)]] (1) · [[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]] (1)

None (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000884-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000885-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000886-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000887-QINU`"' (1)

A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Topical 2% shampoo twice weekly for seborrheic dermatitis or tinea versicolor; oral use restricted by 2013 FDA action to indications where alternatives have failed (1)

1% (OTC), 2% (Rx) shampoo; 2% cream; 2% gel; 200 mg oral tablet (rarely used now) (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1)

None (2) · Topical: regimen-specific; oral: 400 mg/d in remaining specialty indications (1)

gel); oral (restricted) (1) · Oral (1) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1) · shampoo (1) · Topical (cream (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · Hours per application (topical); 24 hours (oral) (1)

None (1) · Topical: not meaningfully described; oral 2-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000888-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)

None (2) · Topical: minimal systemic; oral: pH-dependent, requires gastric acid'"`UNIQ--ref-00000889-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · Topical generally safe; oral avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (1) · OTC (1% shampoo) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher strengths, oral) in US. Oral form carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for hepatotoxicity and is restricted by FDA to refractory fungal infections where no alternatives are available (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1)