Drilldown: Medicines

Hydroxyzine (hydrochloride; pamoate salt) (1) · Khat (1) · Linagliptin (1) · Sitagliptin (1) · Tea (1)

''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Catha edulis''. Chat, qat, the Flower of Paradise (1) · Januvia; with metformin Janumet/Janumet XR (1) · Tradjenta; with metformin Jentadueto (1) · Vistaril (pamoate), Atarax (HCl, discontinued in US as brand) (1)

Caffeine plant (1) · Cathinone source (1) · Excitantia (2) · Plant Medicine (2) · [[:Category:Antihistamines|First-generation antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (2) · [[:Category:Antipruritics|Antipruritic]] (1) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (1) · [[:Category:DPP-4_inhibitors|DPP-4 inhibitor]] (2) · [[:Category:Incretin_modulators|Incretin pathway modulator]] (2) · [[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid (off-label)]] (1)

None (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Primary alkaloid is (S)-(-)-cathinone, a phenylpropanolamine close kin to amphetamine. Releases dopamine and norepinephrine. Also contains cathine (=norpseudoephedrine) and norephedrine. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' '''QT prolongation''' risk at high doses prompted the FDA's 2015 caution against use in patients with prolonged QT or with concurrent QT-prolonging medicines'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000762-QINU`"' Largely renally cleared, hence the eGFR-tiered dosing. Rare but well-documented signals: acute pancreatitis (uncertain causal contribution), severe joint pain, and bullous pemphigoid (class effect, especially in older Asian patients)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000763-QINU`"'. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000764-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000117B-QINU`"' (1)

100 mg PO once daily (50 mg if CrCl 30-44; 25 mg if <30 or dialysis) (1) · 5 mg PO once daily (no renal dose adjustment, unlike sitagliptin) (1) · A ''marduuf'' bundle (~50 g fresh leaves) chewed over a couple of hours (1) · Anxiety: 25-50 mg PO QID. Pruritus: 25 mg PO TID-QID. Insomnia: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime. Pediatric: 50-100 mg/day divided (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1)

25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin (1) · 5 mg tablets; combination with metformin (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Fresh leaves and tender twigs chewed; degrades on drying (1) · Tablets 10, 25, 50 mg (HCl); capsules 25, 50, 100 mg (pamoate); oral suspension 25 mg/5 mL; injection 25, 50 mg/mL (IM only, never IV) (1)

None (2) · 100 mg/d (1) · 400 mg/day theoretical; in practice rarely exceeds 200 mg/day (1) · 5 mg/d (1)

intramuscular (1) · Oral (4) · Oral (buccal absorption) (1)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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24 hours (2) · 2–4 h (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4-6 hours (1)

None (1) · 14-25 hours (longer in elderly and hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (effective); terminal much longer'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117C-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000765-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)

None (2) · ~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117D-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Limited human data; older agent with substantial use experience; some signal for first-trimester exposure but not conclusive.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (1) · Schedule I in US since 1993 (despite traditional use elsewhere); legal in Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen, Somalia, Djibouti (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Not a controlled substance, which is a meaningful clinical advantage over the benzodiazepine alternatives for short-term anxiety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)