Drilldown: Medicines

None (4) · Doxazosin (1) · Terazosin (1) · Vardenafil (1)

Belsomra (1) · Cardura, Cardura XL (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Hytrin (US brand discontinued); mostly generic (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Nuplazid (1) · Quviviq (1)

Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · Selective 5HT2A inverse agonist (with weaker 5HT2C inverse agonism) (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Alpha-1_blockers|Alpha-1 adrenergic blocker (non-selective)]] (2) · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (2) · [[:Category:BPH_treatments|Benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment]] (2)

None (2) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1) · Selective inverse agonist at 5HT2A receptors with weaker activity at 5HT2C. Has no significant dopamine D2 affinity, unique among approved antipsychotics. Inverse agonism (rather than antagonism) reduces constitutive 5HT2A receptor activity below baseline. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111B-QINU`"' Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome is a recognized class effect. Recently emerging evidence (observational) suggests possible Parkinson's disease risk reduction via PGK1 binding — investigational and not a clinical indication'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111C-QINU`"'. (1)

Hallucinations and delusions associated with Parkinson's disease psychosis (PDP). Investigational for psychosis in other dementias and as augmentation for depression. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000AAF-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000111E-QINU`"' (1)

1 mg PO at bedtime to limit first-dose syncope; titrate weekly to 5-10 mg (1) · 10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 34 mg PO once daily (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · IR 1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly; XL 4-8 mg PO daily (1)

1, 2, 4, 8 mg IR tablets; 4, 8 mg XL tablets (1) · 1, 2, 5, 10 mg capsules and tablets (1) · 10 mg, 34 mg capsules/tablets (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1)

10 mg/d (1) · 16 mg/d (IR); 8 mg/d (XL) (1) · 20 mg/d (3) · 34 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (1)

Oral (7)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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24 hours (2) · 4–5 h (1) · Daily dosing (1) · ~7-8 hours (3)

4–5 h (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000111F-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB0-QINU`"' (1) · ~57 hours (parent), ~200 h (active metabolite) (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

>90% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001120-QINU`"' (1) · Not characterized; oral dosing once daily (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~44% (1) · ~62% (1) · ~65% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AB1-QINU`"' (1) · ~82% (1)

Category B (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; avoid (4) · Limited data; rarely indicated in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only in US (1) · Rx. FDA black-box warning for increased mortality in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis (class warning shared with all antipsychotics) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)