Drilldown: Medicines

None (3) · Linagliptin (1) · Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3) (1) · Sitagliptin (1) · Vardenafil (1)

Belsomra (1) · Dayvigo (1) · Januvia; with metformin Janumet/Janumet XR (1) · Levitra, Staxyn (1) · Niaspan (ER, Rx), Niacor (IR, Rx); huge OTC presence (1) · Quviviq (1) · Tradjenta; with metformin Jentadueto (1)

Dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) (3) · PDE5 Inhibitor (1) · the first approved (1) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (2) · [[:Category:B-vitamins|B-vitamin]] (1) · [[:Category:DPP-4_inhibitors|DPP-4 inhibitor]] (2) · [[:Category:Incretin_modulators|Incretin pathway modulator]] (2) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (1) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (1)

None (3) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. Faster receptor association/dissociation kinetics than suvorexant (~16 sec dissociation vs ~57 sec) hypothesized to support sleep onset, with sufficient duration for maintenance. (1) · Competitive antagonist at OX1R and OX2R. First-in-class DORA. Receptor dissociation slower than lemborexant or daridorexant. (1) · Selective inhibitor of PDE5. Slightly higher PDE5/PDE6 selectivity vs sildenafil (less visual side effect) but more PDE1 cross-activity (occasional QT effects at high doses). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000762-QINU`"' Largely renally cleared, hence the eGFR-tiered dosing. Rare but well-documented signals: acute pancreatitis (uncertain causal contribution), severe joint pain, and bullous pemphigoid (class effect, especially in older Asian patients)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000763-QINU`"'. (1)

Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved August 2014). Also studied for insomnia in mild-moderate Alzheimer disease. (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Dec 2019) (1) · Insomnia (sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance) in adults (FDA-approved Jan 2022) (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000669-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000764-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001035-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001036-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001037-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000117B-QINU`"' (1)

10 mg PO 30 min before bedtime (with ≥7 hours of sleep planned) (1) · 10 mg ~1 h before sexual activity (1) · 100 mg PO once daily (50 mg if CrCl 30-44; 25 mg if <30 or dialysis) (1) · 25 mg PO at bedtime (no titration); may increase to 50 mg if 25 mg inadequate (1) · 5 mg PO at bedtime; may increase to 10 mg if inadequate (1) · 5 mg PO once daily (no renal dose adjustment, unlike sitagliptin) (1) · Niaspan ER 500 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 1-2 g/d; flushing-protective aspirin 30-60 minutes before dose; pellagra replacement 100-500 mg/d (1)

2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (Levitra); 10 mg ODT (Staxyn) (1) · 25 mg, 50 mg tablets (1) · 25, 50, 100 mg tablets; combination tablets with metformin (1) · 5 mg tablets; combination with metformin (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (1) · 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg tablets (1) · OTC IR niacin 50-500 mg tablets; Niaspan ER 500, 750, 1000 mg tablets; "no-flush" niacin (inositol hexaniacinate, lacks evidence) (1)

10 mg/d (1) · 100 mg/d (1) · 2 g/d (Niaspan); higher off-label use historical (1) · 20 mg/d (2) · 5 mg/d (1) · 50 mg/d (1)

Oral (7)

None · Hours · 30-60 minutes · 1-2 hours · ~30 min · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks · ~1 hour · 15-30 minutes · 15–30 min · 1–2 h · 30–60 min · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks · BP effect within 1-2 weeks · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours · Days · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose · Over weeks · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks

Other values:

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24 hours (3) · 4–5 h (1) · ~7-8 hours (3)

4–5 h (1) · ~1 hour (IR niacin); ER formulations extend functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00001038-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~12 hours (effective); terminal much longer'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117C-QINU`"' (1) · ~12.4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000765-QINU`"' (1) · ~17-19 hours (longer than daridorexant) (1) · ~8 hours (shorter than suvorexant and lemborexant) (1)

High (oral; food enhances)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001039-QINU`"' (1) · ~15% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000117D-QINU`"' (1) · ~44% (1) · ~62% (1) · ~82% (1) · ~87% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000766-QINU`"' (1)

Category B (1) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Pharmacologic doses generally avoided in pregnancy; vitamin doses fine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

OTC (low-dose, dietary supplement) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Niaspan ER) in US (1) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (3) · Rx-only in US (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2)