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Medicines (732)

Medicines > pregnancy

: Category C

or Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available

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None (1) · Bisoprolol (1) · Dexmethylphenidate (1) · Duloxetine (1) · Haloperidol (1) · Metoprolol (1) · Mixed amphetamine salts (1) · Nebivolol (1) · Prazosin (1) · Propranolol (1) · Sodium Oxybate (1)

Adderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis (1) · Bystolic (1) · Cymbalta, Drizalma Sprinkle, Irenka, Yentreve (1) · Focalin, Focalin XR (1) · Haldol, Serenace, Haldol Decanoate (1) · Inderal (1) · Lopressor (tartrate), Toprol XL (succinate) (1) · Minipress (1) · Rexulti (1) · Xyrem; Xywav (lower-sodium formulation with Ca/Mg/K salts) (1) · Zebeta (1)

Agonist at the metabotropic GABAB receptor and the endogenous γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) receptor. Produces deep sleep with increased slow-wave architecture, suppression of REM intrusion, and cataplexy reduction. (1) · Cardioselective β1-adrenergic antagonist. Selectivity is dose-dependent and partially lost at higher doses. (1) · High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) · Highly β1-selective adrenergic antagonist. Greater selectivity than metoprolol or atenolol. (1) · Non-selective competitive antagonist at β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors. Lipophilic; significant blood–brain barrier penetration, accounting for its CNS effects. (1) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET), d-threo enantiomer of methylphenidate (1) · Partial agonist at D2 and 5HT1A. Antagonist at 5HT2A, α1A, α1B, α2C. More potent 5HT2A antagonism, 5HT1A partial agonism, and α1 antagonism (relative to D2 partial agonism) than aripiprazole, proposed to reduce akathisia and enhance affective/cognitive effects. (1) · Selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Lowers peripheral vascular resistance via vasodilation; in the CNS, blunts noradrenergic hyperarousal thought to drive trauma-related nightmares. (1) · Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (balanced) (1) · TAAR1 agonism, VMAT2 substrate, DAT/NET reverse transport, net release of dopamine and norepinephrine (1) · The d-enantiomer is a highly β1-selective antagonist; the l-enantiomer triggers endothelial nitric-oxide–mediated vasodilation. Unique among beta blockers for this NO mechanism. (1)

None (3) · 1 mg at bedtime (PTSD nightmares); 1 mg BID–TID (HTN) (1) · 10–40 mg (situational anxiety); 40 mg BID (HTN) (1) · 2.25 g at bedtime + 2.25 g 2.5–4 h later; titrate weekly to 6–9 g/night total (1) · 2.5 mg IR, 5 mg XR, or 12.5mg Mydayis (1) · 2.5–5 mg daily (HTN); 1.25 mg daily (HFrEF, slow titration) (1) · 25–50 mg BID (tartrate); 25–100 mg daily (succinate); 12.5 mg daily in HFrEF (1) · 5 mg daily (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1)

None (3) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · 0.5 g/mL oral solution (1) · 1, 2, 5 mg caps (1) · 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 mg tabs; 60/80/120/160 mg ER caps; 1 mg/mL IV (1) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (1) · 5, 10 mg tabs (1) · IR tabs 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, 30 mg; XR caps 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 mg; Mydayis caps 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 mg (1) · Tartrate: 25, 50, 100 mg tabs; 1 mg/mL IV. Succinate ER: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg. (1)

None (3) · 20 mg/d (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1) · 40 mg/d (2) · 400 mg/d (1) · 640 mg/d (HTN); 240 mg/d (migraine) (1) · 9 g/night (1) · XR = 40 or 60 mg/d; IR = 40 or 60 mg/d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000567-QINU`"' (1)

IM (1) · IV (3) · Oral (10) · Oral (must be taken in bed; effects within minutes) (1)

15–30 min (fasting) (1) · 1–2 h (2) · 1–2 h (PO), immediate (IV) (1) · 1–2 h (PO); immediate (IV) (1) · 30–60 min (1) · 30–90 min (1) · IR: 30–60 min; XR: 1–2 h to peak effect (1) · Mood: 2–4 weeks. Pain: often within 1–2 weeks. (1) · PO 1–2 h; IM 30–60 min; IV 5–20 min (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1)

12–24 h (oral); decanoate IM 3–4 weeks (1) · 24 h (2) · 6–12 h (IR); 24 h (ER) (1) · 6–12 h (tartrate); 24 h (succinate) (1) · 6–8 h (1) · Chronic daily dosing (1) · Daily dosing (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 10–12 h; Mydayis 14–16 h (1) · IR 4–6 h; XR 8–12 h (1) · ~3 h per dose (twice-nightly schedule required) (1)

14–26 h (oral); ~3 weeks (decanoate) (1) · 2.2 h (IR parent); ~3 h (XR parent) (1) · 2–3 h (1) · 30–60 min (1) · 3–6 h (1) · 3–7 h (1) · 9–12 h (1) · D-amphetamine ~10 h; L-amphetamine ~13 h (adults) (1) · ~10 h (CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers); up to 31 h (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~12 hours (1) · ~91 hours (1)

~12% (extensive metabolizers); ~96% (poor metabolizers) (1) · ~22–25% (1) · ~25% (extensive hepatic first-pass) (1) · ~25% (high first-pass) (1) · ~50% (1) · ~50% (highly variable) (1) · ~60% (1) · ~60–70% (oral) (1) · ~75–90% (oral) (1) · ~90% (low first-pass) (1) · ~95% (1)

Rx (1) · Rx-only (2) · Rx-only in US (5) · Schedule II (2) · Schedule III; REMS-restricted (Schedule I if outside the pharmaceutical channel, same molecule as illicit GHB) (1)