Drilldown: Medicines

Apixaban (1) · Artemisia absinthium (1) · Atropa belladonna (1) · Banisteriopsis caapi (1) · Betamethasone (valerate, dipropionate, sodium phosphate, acetate) (1) · Black Drink (1) · Brugmansia (1) · Chocolate (1) · Codeine / Acetaminophen (1) · Doxycycline (1) · Escitalopram (1) · Fluconazole (1) · Guarana (1) · Hydrochlorothiazide (1) · Hyoscyamus niger (1) · Kola (1) · Mandragora officinarum (1) · Mescal Bean (1) · Methimazole (thiamazole) (1) · Nutmeg (1) · Ondansetron (1) · Phencyclidine (1) · Progesterone (micronized) (1) · Tea (1) · Warfarin (1) · Yerba mate (1)

''Brugmansia'' spp., Angel's trumpet, ''borrachero'', ''toé'' (1) · ''Camellia sinensis'' (formerly ''Thea sinensis'') (1) · ''Cola nitida'', ''Cola acuminata'' (1) · ''Ilex paraguariensis'' (1) · ''Ilex vomitoria'' (1) · ''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) · ''Paullinia cupana'' (1) · ''Sophora secundiflora''. Texas mountain laurel, frijolillo (1) · ''Theobroma cacao'' (1) · Celestone (oral/injectable), Diprolene/Diprosone (topical), Luxiq (foam), Celestone Soluspan (depot IM) (1) · Coumadin (discontinued in US but name in common use), Jantoven (1) · Deadly nightshade (1) · Diflucan (1) · Eliquis (1) · Henbane, black henbane (1) · Lexapro (1) · Mandrake (1) · Microzide; mostly prescribed generically (1) · Prometrium (oral), Endometrin (vaginal), Crinone (vaginal gel), Prochieve (1) · Sernyl (human, withdrawn 1965); Sernylan (veterinary, withdrawn 1978) (1) · Tapazole; outside US Mercazole (1) · The ayahuasca vine, ''yagé'', ''caapi'', ''mariri'' (1) · Tylenol with Codeine #3 (30 mg codeine), Tylenol #4 (60 mg codeine), Capital with Codeine, Phenaphen with Codeine (1) · Vibramycin, Doryx, Oracea, Adoxa, Monodox, Acticlate (1) · Wormwood, absinthe, la Fée Verte, the Green Muse (1) · Zofran, Zofran ODT (1)

Plant Medicine (13) · Caffeine plant (6) · Excitantia (6) · Daimonica (4) · Tropane alkaloid plant (4) · Phantastica (2) · [[:Category:Anticoagulants|Anticoagulant]] (2)

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None (6) · Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) · Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) · Active principle is thujone, a GABA-A antagonist (the opposite of most CNS depressants). Also present in cooking sage (''Salvia officinalis''), tansy, and ''Thuja'' cedars. (1) · Caffeine (1.5–2%) + theobromine + kolanin (a glycoside). (1) · Caffeine (highest of the ''Ilex'' genus) plus saponins that produce ritual vomiting at high doses. (1) · Caffeine (sometimes called 'mateine' historically, though chemically identical), theobromine, theophylline, plus polyphenols. (1) · Caffeine + theophylline + L-theanine. L-theanine (an amino acid unique to tea) modulates glutamate and produces an 'alpha-wave' calming overlay on caffeine's stimulation, hence tea's reputation as a 'cleaner' stimulant than coffee. (1) · Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) · Highest natural caffeine content of any plant (2–7% by dry weight, ~2–4× coffee). Caffeine is bound to tannins, producing a slower release than pure coffee caffeine. (1) · Primary alkaloid is theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), with minor caffeine. Also contains phenethylamine, anandamide (an endogenous cannabinoid), tryptophan (serotonin precursor), and flavanols. The combined effect is mild stimulation + mood elevation. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine, apoatropine. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine, scopolamine, in higher seed concentrations than belladonna or datura. (1) · Tropane alkaloids: scopolamine (dominant), hyoscyamine, atropine. Competitive antagonism at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' CYP2C19 + CYP3A4 metabolism, with CPIC PGx guidance: poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have ~3-fold higher exposure and benefit from a lower starting dose; ultrarapid metabolizers may have inadequate response'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000138-QINU`"' Decreases urinary calcium (used in stone prevention); raises serum uric acid, glucose, and lipids modestly; non-anion-gap hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis is the characteristic electrolyte pattern'"`UNIQ--ref-00000139-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000001F6-QINU`"' CYP3A4 (primary) and P-glycoprotein substrate; strong dual inhibitors or inducers materially shift exposure. Reversal: andexanet alfa for life-threatening bleeding; 4F-PCC commonly used off-label when andexanet unavailable'"`UNIQ--ref-000001F7-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ECD-QINU`"' Agranulocytosis is the most-feared adverse effect (~0.3%, usually first 90 days of treatment; warn patients to seek urgent CBC for fever or severe sore throat). Hepatotoxicity is class-recognized but more often associated with PTU'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ECE-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001014-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. The dipropionate, valerate, and augmented dipropionate ester forms determine topical potency (high to super-high)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001015-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001513-QINU`"' The combination with acetaminophen provides additive non-opioid analgesia and lowers required codeine dose. CYP2D6 PGx is one of the most clinically actionable in current pharmacology; CPIC supports genotype-guided opioid selection'"`UNIQ--ref-00001514-QINU`"'. (1)

'"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000063-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000064-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AD-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000AE-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000013D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000001F8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001F9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000001FA-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000374-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000375-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000376-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000377-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003A1-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000475-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000476-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000477-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000478-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000479-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000047C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000069C-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000700-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000701-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000702-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000703-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000704-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000722-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000723-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000724-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000725-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000081E-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A44-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A45-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A46-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ECF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000ED2-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001016-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001019-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001515-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001516-QINU`"' (1)

None (11) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · 1-2 tablets (15-60 mg codeine, 300-600 mg acetaminophen) PO every 4-6 hours as needed (1) · 10 mg PO once daily; titrate to 20 mg/day after 1-2 weeks if needed (1) · 10-40 mg PO daily depending on hyperthyroidism severity; titrate by clinical and biochemical response (target TSH/free T4) (1) · 100 mg PO BID; rickettsial 200 mg/d; doxy-PEP 200 mg within 72 hours after condomless sex (1) · 12.5-25 mg PO once daily (1) · 4-8 mg PO or IV every 8 hours as needed; 16 mg single dose preoperatively for PONV prevention (1) · A measured pour of absinthe diluted 5:1 with cold water over sugar (the louche ritual) (1) · Antenatal: Celestone Soluspan 12 mg IM q24h × 2 doses; topical: pea-sized amount BID; intra-articular varies by joint (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · No current medical indication. Historical anesthetic dose 0.25 mg/kg IV (Sernyl). (1) · NVAF: 5 mg PO BID (2.5 mg BID if 2 of 3: age ≥80, weight ≤60 kg, serum creatinine ≥1.5 mg/dL); acute VTE: 10 mg BID for 7 days, then 5 mg BID (1) · One cup (~40–60 mg caffeine; about half of brewed coffee) (1) · Typical 5 mg PO daily; 2.5 mg in elderly, low body weight, malnutrition, hepatic dysfunction. Genotype-guided initial dosing per CPIC/IWPC algorithms (CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2) is one of the most-established PGx applications in current practice (1) · Vulvovaginal: 150 mg PO single dose; oropharyngeal: 200 mg PO day 1, then 100 mg daily ×14 days; invasive candidiasis: 800 mg load, then 400 mg PO/IV daily; cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800 mg/d (1)

0.6 mg/5 mL oral solution; Celestone Soluspan 6 mg/mL IM/IA (mix of sodium phosphate + acetate); 0.05% and 0.1% topical cream/ointment/lotion/foam (various salts); augmented betamethasone 0.05% (super-high potency) (1) · 1, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 10 mg tablets (color-coded by strength) (1) · 12.5 mg capsules; 12.5, 25, 50 mg tablets (1) · 2.5 mg, 5 mg tablets (1) · 4 mg, 8 mg, 24 mg tablets; 4 mg, 8 mg orally disintegrating tablets; 4 mg/5 mL oral solution; IV (2 mg/mL) (1) · 5, 10 mg tablets (1) · 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg tablets and capsules; delayed-release; suspension; IV (1) · 50, 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; 10, 40 mg/mL oral suspension; 2 mg/mL IV (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Codeine/acetaminophen 15/300 (#2 historical), 30/300 (#3), 60/300 (#4) mg tablets; 12/120 mg/5 mL elixir (1) · Dried leaves and twigs, infused in a gourd (''mate'') and drunk through a metal straw (''bombilla'') (1) · Dried leaves, infused. Six major processings: white, green, yellow, oolong, black, pu-erh (1) · Dried leaves; absinthe liqueur (120–160 proof, with hyssop, lemon balm, fennel, anise, sometimes Acorus calamus) (1) · Fermented and roasted seeds, ground. Mexican tradition: drunk with chili, cornmeal, achiote. European tradition: with sugar and milk (1) · Flowers or leaves infused or smoked. Highly variable potency; narrow toxic margin (1) · Fresh nuts chewed; also dried and powdered (1) · Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) · Historical: Sernyl 25 mg tablets, 10 mg/mL injection (human); Sernylan 100 mg/mL injection (veterinary). Illicit: white crystalline powder, oily liquid, "dipped" cigarettes ("wet"), tablets. (1) · Leaves and seeds, traditionally smoked or infused. Possibly the original Pythia oracle plant (1) · Leaves, berries, root. Historically: belladonna cigarettes ("Asthmador") OTC in US until the 1970s (1) · Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL (1) · Roasted seeds ground to powder, mixed with water; commercial syrups and energy drinks (1) · Root, traditionally carved into ''mannikens'' or infused into wine (1) · Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; oral solution 1 mg/mL (1) · Toasted leaves and twigs decocted to a near-black concentrate (1)

None (14) · 10 mg BID for the first 7 days of acute VTE; otherwise 5 mg BID (1) · 20 mg/day (adult); 10 mg/day in elderly and in hepatic impairment (1) · 50 mg/d (hypertension); up to 200 mg/d (edema) (1) · 60 mg/d typical (1) · 800 mg/d (severe invasive disease) (1) · Acetaminophen 4 g/d absolute; codeine 240-360 mg/d typical practical limit (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (1) · N/A (no current medical indication) (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to INR target (1) · Single doses ≤16 mg (FDA 2012 advisory withdrew the 32 mg single IV dose for QT-prolongation risk); 24-32 mg/d divided (1) · ~200 mg/d for most indications; higher doses for severe infections (1)

None · Oral · IV · Topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · Subcutaneous · topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · Inhaled · intra-articular · nebulized

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None (12) · 15–30 min (1) · 30 minutes PO; minutes IV (1) · 30-60 minutes (1) · Anticoagulant effect at 24-72 hours; full INR effect 5-7 days (1) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks; full clinical effect 4-6 weeks (1) · Biochemical improvement within 2-4 weeks; full euthyroid state 6-12 weeks (1) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (1) · Diuresis at 2 hours; antihypertensive effect within days, max at 3-4 weeks (1) · Hours (2) · Peak anticoagulant effect 3-4 hours (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1) · Smoked 2-5 min; insufflated 5-15 min; oral 30-60 min; IV / IM ~5-15 min (1)

None (12) · 12 hours (2) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 2-5 days after stopping (factor II resynthesis-limited) (1) · 24 hours (2) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (1) · 3–4 h (1) · 4-12 hours (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 4-8 hours typical; longer at high doses; residual cognitive and perceptual effects up to 48 hours (1) · 6-12 hours (1) · Biologic 36-54 hours (long-acting) (1) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1)

None (13) · 16-22 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047D-QINU`"' (1) · 27-32 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 3-6 hours (longer in hepatic impairment)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000378-QINU`"' (1) · 36-42 hours (R/S enantiomers differ; S-warfarin is 2-5× more potent and cleared by CYP2C9)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000705-QINU`"' (1) · 6-15 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013E-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine 2.5-3.5 hours; acetaminophen 1-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001517-QINU`"' (1) · Highly variable, 7-46 hours (mean ~21 h); lipophilic deposition in fat with delayed re-release contributes to wide range'"`UNIQ--ref-00000065-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~5 hours; biologic ~36-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101A-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FB-QINU`"' (1) · ~30 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing and substantial drug-interaction window after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A47-QINU`"' (1) · ~4-6 hours (plasma); intrathyroidal accumulation gives a much longer functional duration'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED3-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1)

None (14) · 65-75% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000013F-QINU`"' (1) · >90% (oral; not affected by food or gastric pH — a major practical advantage over itraconazole)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A48-QINU`"' (1) · Codeine ~60% (oral); acetaminophen 85-98%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001518-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000706-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral; not significantly affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001FC-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000379-QINU`"' (1) · ~72% oral; ~85% smoked'"`UNIQ--ref-00000066-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~93% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000ED4-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral; reduced by dairy, antacids, iron via divalent-cation chelation, though less than for tetracycline itself)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000047E-QINU`"' (1)

None · Category C · Limited data; avoid · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Limited data · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' · Category B · Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Limited data; weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · '''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Avoid in second and third trimesters; fetal SGLT2 inhibition disrupts kidney development.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Avoid where possible; class concerns as for other loop diuretics.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Generally considered safe due to minimal systemic absorption.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Generally considered safe in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup>

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None (12) · Currently legal in most jurisdictions with thujone limits (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (9) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule III|Schedule III controlled substance]] in US. '''Contraindicated in children <12''' for any indication and in any age post-tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy (FDA 2017 black-box advisory)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001519-QINU`"' (1)