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Medicines > routes : IM or Subcutaneous or topical

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generic:
None (3)
brand:
classes:
[[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (9) · [[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]] (5) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (4) · [[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]] (4) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (3) · [[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (intermediate-acting)]] (3) · [[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid]] (3) · [[:Category:Insulins|Insulin]] (3)
mechanism:
None (44) · Endogenous androgen binding to androgen receptors; mediates male secondary sex characteristics, anabolism, libido, erythropoiesis, and CNS effects on mood/energy/aggression. Aromatized peripherally to estradiol; reduced to DHT. (1) · High-affinity D2 receptor antagonist (1) · Humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody binding both isoforms of CGRP peptide (1) · Humanized IgG2 monoclonal antibody binding the CGRP receptor (not the peptide); blocks CGRP-mediated vasodilation and nociceptive signaling (1) · Humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody binding CGRP peptide; prevents CGRP from activating its receptor (1) · Tropane alkaloids: hyoscyamine (dominant; the racemic form is atropine), scopolamine. Competitive muscarinic antagonism. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' Major Beers-list concern in elderly patients for cognitive and fall risks. CYP2D6 substrate. At massive overdose, also produces sodium channel blockade with cardiac toxicity'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. '"`UNIQ--effect-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000584-QINU`"' Binds the same insulin receptor as endogenous insulin with comparable mitogenic-to-metabolic ratio. Ultra-rapid formulations (Lyumjev) add treprostinil and citrate to accelerate absorption further'"`UNIQ--ref-00000585-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000860-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. Unlike prednisone, it does not require hepatic activation, making it the preferred oral choice in severe hepatic dysfunction'"`UNIQ--ref-00000861-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008BE-QINU`"' Preferred over prednisone in advanced hepatic dysfunction where hepatic 11β-HSD1 activation is impaired. Liquid formulations are the workhorse pediatric oral corticosteroid for asthma and croup'"`UNIQ--ref-000008BF-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000009FD-QINU`"' Active against gram-positive cocci including MRSA; the unique target underlies the absence of cross-resistance with other antibiotic classes. High-level resistance (plasmid-mediated mupA) is rising and limits prolonged or repeated use'"`UNIQ--ref-000009FE-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D11-QINU`"' Same mechanistic family as amphotericin B but with prohibitive systemic toxicity at therapeutic doses, hence restriction to topical and luminal-gut indications. No clinically meaningful resistance after decades of use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D12-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000E4A-QINU`"' The narrow safe-bolus window for IV use (sharp risk of arrhythmia, hypertensive emergency, intracerebral hemorrhage) is why anaphylaxis dosing is '''IM, not IV''', outside critical care'"`UNIQ--ref-00000E4B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001014-QINU`"' Activates the glucocorticoid receptor to broadly remodel inflammatory, immune, and metabolic transcription. The dipropionate, valerate, and augmented dipropionate ester forms determine topical potency (high to super-high)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001015-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000010F8-QINU`"' Pre-treatment screening for latent TB (PPD or IGRA) and chronic hepatitis B is standard. Anti-drug antibody formation is a recognized cause of secondary loss of response'"`UNIQ--ref-000010F9-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001233-QINU`"' Onychomycosis cure rates with nail lacquer are modest (mycologic cure ~30-50%, complete cure ~5-12% at 48 weeks); oral terbinafine remains substantially more effective when systemic therapy is acceptable'"`UNIQ--ref-00001234-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (4) · Preventive treatment of migraine in adults (episodic and chronic) (2)
starting dose:
None (3)
preparations:
fda max:
Indication-specific (8) · None (2) · Titrated to glucose; no fixed maximum (2)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
Hours (8) · Days (2) · Over weeks (2)
duration:
4-6 hours (5) · Hours per application (5) · 24 hours (2) · 3-5 hours (2) · 6-8 hours (2) · 8-12 hours (2) · Monthly dosing (2) · N/A (2) · N/A (replacement) (2)
halflife:
None (2)
bioavailability:
~100% from subcutaneous depot (2)
pregnancy:
None (7) · Limited data; avoid (3) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2)
legal:
None (3) · OTC (intranasal Flonase) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (inhaled, topical) in US (1) · OTC (low-dose topicals) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC (low-dose) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (1 mg, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC (lower strengths) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (combination with betamethasone) in US (1) · OTC (lower-concentration washes) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Peridex oral rinse, ChloraPrep) in US (1) · OTC (lowest-strength topicals) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (higher strengths, injectable) in US (1) · OTC (most dentifrice and rinse) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (high-concentration paste/gel, supplements) in US (1) · OTC (Nasonex 24HR) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC (ophthalmic ointment) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC (topical) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (oral) in US (1) · Plant unrestricted; pharmaceutical atropine Rx-only (1) · Rx (3) · Rx-only (1) · Schedule III (DEA, US) (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule II|Schedule II]] controlled substance in US (rescheduled from Schedule III in 1978). No accepted medical use. UN Convention on Psychotropic Substances Schedule II internationally.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] for most oral and topical formulations; [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for injectable (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for most formulations; some low-concentration topical formulations are [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] (4% cream) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for oral and most topical formulations in US; Voltaren Arthritis Pain 1% gel switched to [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] in 2020 (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (27) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (some OTC formulations exist) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (the veterinary preparations are not for human use) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US since 2020 (OTC 2% formulations withdrawn under CARES Act due to safety concerns) (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for '''tardive dyskinesia''' (irreversible movement disorder), driving the 12-week chronic-use limit'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFB-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for bone mineral density loss with prolonged use (≥2 years; partially reversible after discontinuation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F22-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for Clostridioides difficile colitis (one of the most C. difficile-inducing antibiotic classes)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001444-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule II|Schedule II controlled substance]] in US; WHO essential medicine'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (1)

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