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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > routes : Inhaled or Oral or nebulized

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generic:
None (15)
 
brand:
 
classes:
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (20) · Plant Medicine (14) · [[:Category:Antidepressants|Antidepressant]] (13) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (12) · [[:Category:Anticonvulsants|Anticonvulsant]] (10) · [[:Category:Anxiolytics|Anxiolytic]] (10) · [[:Category:Lipid-lowering_agents|Lipid-lowering agent]] (10) · [[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (9) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (8) · [[:Category:Antihyperglycemic_agents|Antihyperglycemic agent]] (8) · [[:Category:Fixed-dose_combinations|Fixed-dose combination]] (8) · Caffeine plant (7) · Excitantia (7) · [[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]] (6) · [[:Category:Vitamins|Vitamin]] (6)
 
mechanism:
None (146) · 5-HT2A partial agonist (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"' CYP2C19 + CYP3A4 metabolism, with CPIC PGx guidance: poor CYP2C19 metabolizers have ~3-fold higher exposure and benefit from a lower starting dose; ultrarapid metabolizers may have inadequate response'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001E-QINU`"'. (2)
uses:
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"' (13) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (6) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"' (6) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (6) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000020-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"' (5) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000021-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000022-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000023-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000024-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000025-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000026-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000027-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000028-QINU`"' (4) · None (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000014-QINU`"' (2) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"' (2)
starting dose:
None (18)
 
preparations:
None (6) · 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg tablets (2) · 2.5, 5, 10, 20 mg tabs (2) · 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (2) · 5, 10 mg tablets (2) · 5, 10, 20, 40 mg tablets (2)
 
fda max:
None (21) · 40 mg/d (7) · Indication-specific (7) · 10 mg/d (5) · 20 mg/d (5) · 80 mg/d (5) · 10 mg/d (adults) (3) · 100 mg/d (3) · 4 g/d (3) · 400 mg/d (3) · 40 mg/d typical; up to 240 mg/d for Zollinger-Ellison (2) · 5 mg/d (2) · 50 mg/d (2) · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals (2) · No fixed maximum; titrated to TSH target (2)
routes: (Click arrow to add another value)
onset:
Hours (17) · None (13) · 30-60 minutes (12) · ~30 min (4) · LDL lowering at 2 weeks, max by 4 weeks (3) · 1-2 hours (2) · 15-30 minutes (2) · 1–2 h (2) · 30–60 min (2) · Antidepressant effect emerges over 1-2 weeks (2) · BP and symptomatic LUTS improvement within 1-2 weeks (2) · BP effect within 1-2 weeks (2) · Clinical improvement within 24-72 hours (2) · Motor improvement over days at therapeutic dose (2) · Postprandial glucose effect within days; HbA1c by 12 weeks (2) · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks (2) · ~1 hour (2)
duration:
24 hours (44) · 4-6 hours (17) · None (12) · 12 hours (8) · 6-8 hours (8) · Daily dosing (8) · 12-24 hours (5) · Hours (5) · 24 hours (HS dosing) (4) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (4) · 8-12 hours (4) · N/A (replacement) (3) · Variable (3) · ~7-8 hours (3) · 24 h (2) · 4-6 hours (IR); 24 hours (ER) (2) · 6-12 hours (2) · BID dosing (IR); once-daily (XR) (2) · Steady-state at 4-6 weeks (2)
halflife:
None (13) · ~12 hours (2) · ~5 h (caffeine) (2)
 
bioavailability:
None (14) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (3) · 70–90% (oral) (2) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (2) · ~50% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (2) · ~95% (2)
pregnancy:
None (26) · Category C (9) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (6) · Limited human data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (6) · Limited data; avoid (5) · Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning (fetal renal dysfunction, oligohydramnios); contraindicated from 30 weeks (risk of premature ductus arteriosus closure)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (3) · Category B (3) · Chronic third-trimester exposure produces neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome and respiratory depression at delivery.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (3) · Limited data; switch to insulin where feasible.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (3) · Previously Category X; FDA removed the blanket statin contraindication in pregnancy in 2021.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (3)
legal:
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (101) · None (22) · OTC in US (12) · Rx-only in US (10) · Rx (6) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (5) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (4) · Schedule II (3) · Rx-only (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the antidepressant '''Boxed Warning''' for suicidality in children, adolescents, and young adults'"`UNIQ--ref-00000025-QINU`"' (2) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the benzodiazepine class '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of fatal respiratory depression, coma, and death when combined with opioids'"`UNIQ--ref-00000028-QINU`"' (2)

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