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Medicines (732)

Medicines > routes

: Inhaled

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or topical ophthalmic

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Azelastine (1) · Bimatoprost (1) · Brimonidine (1) · Budesonide (1) · Ciprofloxacin (1) · Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Dorzolamide (1) · Fluticasone (1) · Folic acid (folate, pteroylglutamic acid) (1) · Ketotifen (1) · Latanoprost (1) · Levofloxacin (1) · Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (1) · Methadone (1) · Mometasone furoate (1) · Moxifloxacin (1) · Olopatadine (1) · Tobramycin (1)

Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Astelin, Astepro (intranasal); Optivar (ophthalmic); with fluticasone as Dymista (1) · Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets (oral dispersible tablets for OTPs) (1) · Flonase (intranasal, OTC); Flovent (inhaled, asthma); Cutivate (topical) (1) · Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Nasonex (intranasal), Asmanex (inhaled), Elocon (topical), Sinuva (sinus implant); with formoterol as Dulera (1) · Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal) (1) · Provera (oral), Depo-Provera (IM contraceptive), Depo-SubQ Provera 104 (SC) (1) · Pulmicort (inhaled), Rhinocort (intranasal), Entocort EC and Uceris (enteric-coated oral for IBD), Symbicort (with formoterol) (1) · Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1) · Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) · Xalatan, Xelpros (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

None (14) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'. (1)

None (1) · 0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · Contraception: Depo-Provera 150 mg IM every 13 weeks; Depo-SubQ 104 mg SC every 12-13 weeks; oral cycling: 5-10 mg PO daily ×5-10 days for amenorrhea (1) · ICS Pulmicort Flexhaler 180-360 mcg BID; intranasal Rhinocort 64 mcg/spray, 1-2 sprays/nostril daily; Entocort EC 9 mg PO daily for active Crohn's; Symbicort 80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg, 2 puffs BID (1) · Inhaled (Flovent HFA) 88 mcg BID; intranasal (Flonase) 2 sprays/nostril daily; topical (Cutivate) 0.05% cream BID (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · Intranasal Nasonex 2 sprays/nostril daily (50 mcg/spray); inhaled Asmanex 220 mcg DPI 1-2 inhalations daily/BID; topical Elocon 0.1% cream daily (1) · IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)

1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · ICS 880 mcg/d (asthma); intranasal 200 mcg/d (1) · ICS ~1280 mcg/d; intranasal 256 mcg/d; Entocort 9 mg/d standard (1) · Indication-specific (1) · Intranasal 200 mcg/d (adults); inhaled 880 mcg/d (1) · IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · One drop per eye per day (1) · TID per eye (2) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1)

15 minutes (1) · Contraceptive within 24 hours if given in first 5 days of cycle; otherwise backup for 7 days (1) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Hours (3) · Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; nasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; topical: hours (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; oral GI effect 1-2 weeks (1) · Intranasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks (1) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Within minutes (1)

12 hours (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 12-24 hours per dose (1) · 24 hours (5) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 6-12 hours systemic (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · 8-12 hours (TID dosing needed) (1) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · Depot IM 13 weeks (designed); often persists longer (1) · N/A (replacement) (2)

None (1) · 2-3 hours (normal renal function); markedly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B3-QINU`"' (1) · 4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5 hours plasma; tissue retention longer (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D82-QINU`"' (1) · ~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000417-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3.6 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A5-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D9-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 months in erythrocytes (carbonic anhydrase binding in red cells; not relevant to topical IOP duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0A-QINU`"' (1) · ~45 minutes (free acid in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA1-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9C-QINU`"' (1) · ~50 days (Depo-Provera; long depot release)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F20-QINU`"' (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF5-QINU`"' (1) · ~7.8 hours (fluticasone propionate, inhaled systemic exposure)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DD-QINU`"' (1)

<1% oral (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ~30% inhaled lung deposition'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral) (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal: <1% systemic; inhaled lung deposition with extensive first-pass clearance'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9D-QINU`"' (1) · IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · Oral ~90%; depot IM essentially 100% over the dosing interval'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F21-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"' (1)