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Medicines (732)

Medicines > routes

: Intranasal

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Other values:

[[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (7) · [[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid]] (4) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (3) · [[:Category:Inhaled_corticosteroids|Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)]] (3) · [[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic]] (2) · [[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetic]] (2) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal]] (2) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (2) · [[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (2) · [[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)]] (2) · [[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]] (2)

Other values:

Other values:

None (1) · '''4.5 mg/kg (without epinephrine), 7 mg/kg (with epinephrine)''' for infiltration; serum level monitoring required for prolonged IV antiarrhythmic use (1) · 10 mg per 24 h (1) · 12 puffs MDI/d typical; nebulized 2000 mcg/d (1) · 120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) · 150 mg/day (oral); use lowest effective dose for shortest duration per FDA NSAID class guidance (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 200 mg/day (oral); 12 mg/day (SC); 40 mg/day (nasal spray); 44 mg/day (Onzetra) (1) · 25 mg/day (ADHD per Desoxyn label); 15 mg/day (obesity, short-term, per Desoxyn label) (1) · 250 mg/d (1) · 300 mg/day (depression, hospitalized); 150 mg/day outpatient; 6 mg/day for insomnia (1) · 300 mg/day (oral) (1) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 4% topical; limit duration of use (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 40 mg/d (1) · 40 mg/day (oral, anxiety) (1) · 50 g/week (cream/ointment); 2-week continuous limit; 4-week maximum cumulative (1) · BID topical; once daily nail lacquer (1) · ICS 880 mcg/d (asthma); intranasal 200 mcg/d (1) · ICS ~1280 mcg/d; intranasal 256 mcg/d; Entocort 9 mg/d standard (1) · Indication-specific (4) · Indication-specific; high-dose IV regimens for encephalitis or disseminated disease (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · Intranasal 200 mcg/d (adults); inhaled 880 mcg/d (1) · Limit topical to 10-day courses to reduce resistance pressure (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · Per formulation (1) · Single 200-400 mcg/kg per dose for systemic indications (1) · Titrated; risk of hypercalcemia is the limiting factor (1) · Topical: BID; troche: 5×/day (1) · Topical: nightly; oral APL: 45 mg/m²/d (1) · Topical: nightly; systemic: regimen-specific (1) · Topical: per formulation; oral supplement age-dependent (1) · ~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1)

None (2) · 10 minutes (SC); 15-30 minutes (nasal); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 15 minutes (1) · 15-30 minutes (oral); 1-2 minutes (IV) (1) · 15-60 minutes (oral); 1-5 minutes (IV); 4-10 minutes (rectal or intranasal) (1) · 30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); slower for topical (1) · <1 minute (IV); 1-2 minutes (infiltration); 30+ minutes (patch on adult skin, faster on thinner pediatric skin) (1) · Bronchodilation 15-30 minutes (1) · Caries reduction over months to years of consistent use (1) · Clinical and mycologic cure follows the full course; nail clearance over months of regrowth (1) · Days (2) · Days for calcium effect; weeks for PTH suppression (1) · Days for dermatophyte clearance; nail clearance over months (1) · Hours (5) · Hours to days (1) · Hours to days for inflammation; substantial improvement within 1 week (1) · Immediate (IV) (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; nasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; topical: hours (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; oral GI effect 1-2 weeks (1) · Intranasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks (1) · IV/IM 1-3 minutes; PO 30-60 minutes (1) · Minutes (1) · Pain relief reported within 15 min in trials (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · Sleep effect from first dose; antidepressant effect over 1-4 weeks (1) · Symptom relief within 24-48 hours of starting episodic treatment (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Symptom relief within days (1) · Topical hours; intra-articular days to weeks (1) · Topical: inflammation, erythema, crusting at 2 weeks; complete response weeks to months after course (1) · Topical: irritation within days; acne improvement 6-12 weeks; oral APL response within days (1) · Visible lightening at 4-12 weeks (1)

None (2) · 12 hours (1) · 12-24 hours (1) · 12-24 hours per dose (1) · 2-4 hours; headache recurrence rate ~20-30% within 24 hours (1) · 24 hours (2) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 24 hours (HS dosing) (1) · 30-90 minutes (infiltration without epinephrine); 90-200 minutes (with epinephrine); 12 hours (patch) (1) · 4-6 hours (4) · 6-24 hours (parent); much longer when accounting for the long-lived active metabolites (1) · 6-8 hours (2) · 6-8 hours (IR oral); 12-24 hours (ER) (1) · 8 hours per oral dose (1) · 8-12 hours (1) · Biologic 36-54 hours (long-acting) (1) · Biologic ~8-12 hours (short-acting) (1) · Hours per application (5) · Hours per dose (much shorter biologic effect than ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol because it is the already-active form, not the storage form) (1) · Hours per topical application (1) · Hours to days per application (1) · Intra-articular 3-6 months (depot effect of acetonide microcrystals) (1) · N/A (2) · N/A (replacement) (1) · Persistent activity 6+ hours (residual binding to skin and oral surfaces) (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1) · Variable (1) · ~48 h sustained pain freedom in responders (1)

None (2) · 1-2 hours (parent compound)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' (1) · 1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' (1) · 1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"' (1) · 4-8 hours (longer in elderly, 9-13 hours)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · 5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EF9-QINU`"' (1) · 6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEB-QINU`"' (1) · Diazepam 20-50 hours; '''N-desmethyldiazepam (nordazepam) 30-200 hours''' is the major active metabolite and accumulates substantially with chronic dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) · Not meaningfully described (minimal systemic absorption from topical use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F45-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (negligible systemic absorption from intact skin or oral mucosa)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001398-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (not systemically absorbed)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D17-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (topical local action)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001239-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described for topical use (systemic exposure varies with surface area, occlusion, skin integrity)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000079E-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described for topical use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A02-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described — topical local action with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001218-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~1-2 hours; biologic ~8-12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD1-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~3-5 hours; biologic effect substantially longer (~12-36 hours for intermediate-acting glucocorticoids)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000666-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma ~5 hours; biologic ~36-54 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101A-QINU`"' (1) · ~0.5-2 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA3-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) · ~10-20 minutes systemically (rapid hepatic and erythrocyte dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase clearance)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BE-QINU`"' (1) · ~15 hours (parent); nordoxepin active metabolite ~30 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · ~16-18 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001092-QINU`"' (1) · ~2 hours (plasma; minimal relevance — local-action drug)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7B-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3.6 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A5-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001442-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D9-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours; significantly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-0000090F-QINU`"' (1) · ~36 hours (terminal much longer due to tissue accumulation in skin/nails)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EB2-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9C-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001164-QINU`"' (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1) · ~6 hours plasma; long bone retention (1) · ~6.6 h (1) · ~7.8 hours (fluticasone propionate, inhaled systemic exposure)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DD-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · <1% oral (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ~30% inhaled lung deposition'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU`"' (1) · Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"' (1) · High (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001165-QINU`"' (1) · Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"' (1) · Inhaled lung deposition with minimal systemic absorption (the basis of the favorable safety profile vs systemic antimuscarinics)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F7C-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal: <1% systemic; inhaled lung deposition with extensive first-pass clearance'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9D-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · Oral ~70%; depot IM provides sustained release over weeks'"`UNIQ--ref-0000101B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with limited but measurable systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001219-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-0000123A-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with variable systemic absorption depending on body site, occlusion, and skin integrity; HPA-axis suppression is documented even with brief courses to large areas'"`UNIQ--ref-0000079F-QINU`"' (1) · Topical/intranasal: high local, low systemic; intra-articular: local depot then systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000667-QINU`"' (1) · Topical/oral local action with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001399-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: local effect on enamel; systemic supplementation has high oral bioavailability with skeletal accumulation (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption (oral systemic 5-FU not used due to poor and variable absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011BF-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic absorption with normal skin; oral: variable, induced metabolism with repeated dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BA4-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A03-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~14% (oral; substantial first-pass); ~97% (subcutaneous); ~17% (nasal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"' (1) · ~20% (oral; valacyclovir prodrug raises this to ~55%)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000910-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) · ~35% (oral, extensive first-pass; not used orally for systemic effect); ~100% (IV)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~40% (oral; food does not significantly affect)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EB3-QINU`"' (1) · ~40-60% (oral, with significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~5% intranasal (1) · ~50-60% (oral; substantial first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~60% (oral; substantially increased with high-fat meal)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001093-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral; reduced by significant first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000EFA-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) · ~93% (oral); ~90% (rectal)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002B-QINU`"' (1) · ~96% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000AD2-QINU`"' (1)

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