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Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Astelin, Astepro (intranasal); Optivar (ophthalmic); with fluticasone as Dymista (1) · Ativan (oral, injectable), Loreev XR (1) · Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Dolophine, Methadose, Diskets (oral dispersible tablets for OTPs) (1) · Folvite; mostly generic (1) · Keppra (IR), Keppra XR, Spritam (3D-printed orally disintegrating), Roweepra (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Mobic, Vivlodex (lower-dose capsules), Anjeso (IV) (1) · MS Contin (ER), Kadian (ER), Avinza (ER), Roxanol (IR oral solution), Duramorph (epidural / IT), Astramorph (IV), Infumorph (intrathecal pump), MorphaBond (IR abuse-deterrent) (1) · Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal) (1) · Provera (oral), Depo-Provera (IM contraceptive), Depo-SubQ Provera 104 (SC) (1) · Robaxin (oral, injectable) (1) · Trandate, Normodyne (discontinued in US) (1) · Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) · Xalatan, Xelpros (1) · Xylocaine (injectable, oral solution, topical), Lidoderm (patch), ZTLido (patch), Glydo (jelly), EMLA (with prilocaine, topical) (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

None (15) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"' The favorable pregnancy safety profile and the dual mechanism support its first-line role in pregnancy-associated hypertension and in hypertensive emergencies where rapid, controllable BP reduction is needed'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' Once-daily dosing is a clinical advantage over short-half-life NSAIDs'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'. (1)

None (1) · 0.4 mg PO daily (general prevention); 0.8-1 mg/d in pregnancy; 4 mg/d for women with prior NTD-affected pregnancy; 1 mg/d during methotrexate therapy (1) · 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 7.5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 15 mg daily if needed. Vivlodex 5 mg PO once daily, max 10 mg (1) · Adult: 500 mg PO BID, titrate by 1000 mg/day every 2 weeks. Pediatric: 10-20 mg/kg/day divided BID, weight-titrated (1) · Anxiety: 0.5-1 mg PO BID-TID. Insomnia: 1-2 mg PO at bedtime. Status epilepticus: 4 mg IV (adult), repeat after 5-10 minutes if needed. Acute agitation: 1-2 mg IM (1) · Contraception: Depo-Provera 150 mg IM every 13 weeks; Depo-SubQ 104 mg SC every 12-13 weeks; oral cycling: 5-10 mg PO daily ×5-10 days for amenorrhea (1) · Infiltration: 1-2% solution; '''4.5 mg/kg ceiling without epinephrine, 7 mg/kg with epinephrine'''. IV antiarrhythmic: 1-1.5 mg/kg bolus then infusion 1-4 mg/minute. Lidoderm patch: up to 3 patches per 12 hours (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · IR oral: 15-30 mg every 4 hours as needed. ER opioid-naive: 15-30 mg every 12 hours. IV/IM/SC: 2-10 mg every 3-4 hours. Epidural / intrathecal: see surgical or palliative-care protocols (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · Oral: 100 mg PO BID, titrate to 400 mg BID. IV: 20 mg over 2 minutes, repeat 40-80 mg every 10 minutes as needed (maximum cumulative 300 mg); continuous infusion 2 mg/minute (1) · Oral: 1500 mg PO QID for 2-3 days (load), then 750-1500 mg QID maintenance. IV/IM: 1000 mg every 8 hours for acute spasm (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1)

'''4.5 mg/kg (without epinephrine), 7 mg/kg (with epinephrine)''' for infiltration; serum level monitoring required for prolonged IV antiarrhythmic use (1) · 1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) · 1 mg/d typical Rx; higher in specific indications (1) · 10 mg/day (anxiety, oral) (1) · 15 mg/day (oral); 30 mg IV once daily (Anjeso) (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 2400 mg/day (oral); 300 mg total per IV bolus dosing series (1) · 3000 mg/day (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · 8 g/day (oral, short-term load); 6 g/day (chronic) (1) · Indication-specific (1) · No fixed ceiling; titrate to clinical effect and tolerability with CDC opioid prescribing guidance constraints on morphine-milligram-equivalent (MME) totals (1) · No formal hard ceiling; in MOUD maintenance, doses typically remain at or below 120 mg/day with higher doses reserved for documented under-treatment after careful clinical assessment (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · One drop per eye per day (1) · TID per eye (2) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1)

15 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); 5 minutes (IV); 15-30 minutes (IM) (1) · 5-10 minutes (IV); 30 minutes (oral IR); slower for ER and rectal (1) · <1 minute (IV); 1-2 minutes (infiltration); 30+ minutes (patch on adult skin, faster on thinner pediatric skin) (1) · Analgesic effect within hours; full anti-inflammatory effect over 1-2 weeks (1) · Anticonvulsant effect within days at therapeutic plasma level; rapid titration possible (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); 5-10 minutes (IV) (1) · Contraceptive within 24 hours if given in first 5 days of cycle; otherwise backup for 7 days (1) · Hematologic response within days (1) · Hours (3) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1) · Oral analgesic effect 30-60 minutes; opioid-withdrawal suppression 30 minutes (oral); IV ~10 minutes (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Within minutes (1) · ~30 minutes (oral) (1)

12 hours (1) · 24 hours (4) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing supported by long half-life) (1) · 3-5 hours (IR); 8-24 hours (ER); 12-24 hours (epidural / intrathecal) (1) · 30-90 minutes (infiltration without epinephrine); 90-200 minutes (with epinephrine); 12 hours (patch) (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 6-8 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · 8-12 hours (oral); 4-6 hours (IV) (1) · 8-12 hours (TID dosing needed) (1) · Analgesic effect 4-8 hours (much shorter than half-life would suggest, due to receptor kinetics); MOUD effect (opioid withdrawal suppression) 24-36 hours per single daily dose (1) · BID dosing (IR); once-daily (XR) (1) · Depot IM 13 weeks (designed); often persists longer (1) · N/A (replacement) (2)

High (oral) (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · Oral ~90%; depot IM essentially 100% over the dosing interval'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F21-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral; near-complete absorption)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1) · ~25% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~25-40% (oral; extensive first-pass)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~35% (oral, extensive first-pass; not used orally for systemic effect); ~100% (IV)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~70-85% (oral, high relative to other opioids) (1) · ~89% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"' (1)