Drilldown: Medicines
More actions
Use the filters below to narrow your results.
Cyclosporine (ciclosporin) (1) ·
Dulaglutide (1) ·
Erythromycin (1) ·
Exenatide (1) ·
Ketorolac (tromethamine) (1) ·
Liraglutide (1) ·
Ofloxacin (1) ·
Prednisolone (and prednisolone sodium phosphate, acetate, etc.) (1) ·
Semaglutide (1) ·
Sodium chloride (1) ·
Timolol (maleate) (1) ·
Tirzepatide (1) ·
Tobramycin (1)
Byetta (twice-daily), Bydureon BCise (weekly) (1) ·
E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) ·
Floxin (oral, US brand discontinued); Ocuflox (ophthalmic); Floxin Otic (otic) (1) ·
Mounjaro (T2DM), Zepbound (obesity, OSA) (1) ·
Normal saline, NaCl injection, many; nebulized: HyperSal, PulmoSal (1) ·
Ozempic (T2DM SC), Wegovy (obesity SC), Rybelsus (oral T2DM) (1) ·
Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred ODT, Millipred, Veripred (1) ·
Sandimmune, Neoral (modified microemulsion, increased bioavailability), Gengraf, Restasis (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Timoptic (ophthalmic), Timoptic-XE (gel-forming once-daily), Istalol (once-daily 0.5%), Betimol; Blocadren (oral, discontinued in many markets); combination eye drops Combigan (with brimonidine), Cosopt (with dorzolamide) (1) ·
Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1) ·
Toradol (IV/IM, US brand discontinued), Sprix (nasal spray), Acular and Acuvail (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Trulicity (1) ·
Victoza (T2DM), Saxenda (obesity) (1)
[[:Category:Aminoglycosides|Aminoglycoside antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Analgesics|Analgesic (opioid-sparing parenteral)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (3) ·
[[:Category:Antiglaucoma medicines|Antiglaucoma medicine]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Beta blockers|Beta blocker (non-selective)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Calcineurin_inhibitors|Calcineurin inhibitor]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Corticosteroids|Corticosteroid]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Crystalloid_IV_fluids|Crystalloid IV fluid]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Electrolyte_replacements|Electrolyte replacement]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Glucocorticoids|Glucocorticoid (intermediate-acting)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Immunosuppressants|Immunosuppressant]] (2) ·
[[:Category:Macrolide_antibiotics|Macrolide antibiotic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Migraine prophylactics|Migraine prophylactic]] (1) ·
[[:Category:NSAIDs|Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID)]] (1) ·
[[:Category:Prokinetics|Prokinetic (off-label)]] (1) ·
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · Fc-fusion biologic (1) ·
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · First-in-class incretin mimetic (1) ·
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] agent (2) ·
[[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[GIP receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · "Twincretin" (1)
None (5) ·
Agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; exendin-4 derivative from Gila monster venom. (1) ·
Dual agonist of the [[GIP receptor]] and [[GLP-1 receptor]] ("twincretin"). (1) ·
Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]. (1) ·
Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; Fc-fusion construct. (1) ·
Once-daily agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000037-QINU`"' Hypertonic 3% is the standard urgent treatment of severely symptomatic hyponatremia'"`UNIQ--ref-00000038-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008BE-QINU`"' Preferred over prednisone in advanced hepatic dysfunction where hepatic 11β-HSD1 activation is impaired. Liquid formulations are the workhorse pediatric oral corticosteroid for asthma and croup'"`UNIQ--ref-000008BF-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014BC-QINU`"' Topical ophthalmic and otic formulations remain widely used in ENT and ophthalmology. Subject to all fluoroquinolone-class restrictions (tendinitis/rupture, peripheral neuropathy, QT prolongation)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014BD-QINU`"'. (1)
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (adjunct, second-line) (1) ·
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (incl. pediatric ≥10 y) · [[Obesity]] (incl. pediatric ≥12 y) · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM (1) ·
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM (1) ·
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in obesity without diabetes · [[MASH]] with stage 2–3 fibrosis · [[Chronic kidney disease]] in T2DM (1) ·
[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Obstructive sleep apnea]] in obesity (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000001B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000001F-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000039-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000008C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000008C3-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A8F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A90-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000D38-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D39-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D3D-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000010AF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010B2-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-000014BE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014BF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000014C2-QINU`"' (1)
0.75 mg SC weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1) ·
2.5 mg SC weekly × 4 wk (non-therapeutic ramp)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FB-QINU`"' (1) ·
250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) ·
Byetta: 5 µg SC twice daily, within 60 min before morning and evening meals'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E3-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise: 2 mg SC once weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E4-QINU`"' (1) ·
IM: 60 mg single dose or 30 mg every 6 hours. IV: 30 mg every 6 hours. Oral (continuation only): 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Sprix nasal: 31.5 mg every 6-8 hours. '''Maximum 5 days total combined use''' (1) ·
IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) ·
Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day (1) ·
Oral 200-400 mg BID; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q2-4h initially, then taper; otic 5-10 drops in affected ear BID (1) ·
Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"' (1) ·
Pediatric 1-2 mg/kg/d (max 60 mg) PO for asthma exacerbation; adult dosing similar to prednisone milligram-for-milligram (~1:1 potency) (1) ·
Transplant: 5-10 mg/kg/d divided BID, titrated to trough levels (typically 100-300 ng/mL depending on regimen and post-transplant interval); ophthalmic Restasis 0.05% one drop BID (1) ·
Victoza: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000181-QINU`"' · Saxenda: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000182-QINU`"' (1) ·
Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1)
0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g) (1) ·
200, 300, 400 mg tablets (mostly generic now); 0.3% ophthalmic solution; 0.3% otic solution (1) ·
250, 500 mg base or stearate tablets; ER tablets; ethyl succinate 200 mg/5 mL suspension; 500 mg, 1 g IV (lactobionate); 2% topical solution/gel; 0.5% ophthalmic ointment (1) ·
5 mg tablets; 5 mg/5 mL, 10 mg/5 mL, 15 mg/5 mL oral solutions (sweetened pediatric); 5 mg/5 mL syrup; ophthalmic 0.12%, 1% suspensions and 1% solution (1) ·
Byetta pre-filled multi-dose pen: 5 µg / 10 µg per dose'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E5-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise single-dose autoinjector: 2 mg extended-release microsphere suspension'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E6-QINU`"' (1) ·
IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment (1) ·
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 mg, Ozempic;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000248-QINU`"' 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 1.7 / 2.4 mg, Wegovy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000249-QINU`"') · Oral tablet 3 / 7 / 14 mg co-formulated with SNAC absorption enhancer (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024A-QINU`"' (1) ·
Pre-filled multi-dose pen (3 mL): Victoza 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 mg per day);'"`UNIQ--ref-00000183-QINU`"' Saxenda 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 / 2.4 / 3.0 mg per day)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000184-QINU`"' (1) ·
Pre-filled single-dose pen and vial: 2.5 / 5 / 7.5 / 10 / 12.5 / 15 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FC-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FD-QINU`"' (1) ·
Pre-filled single-dose pen: 0.75 / 1.5 / 3 / 4.5 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-00000054-QINU`"' (1) ·
Sandimmune 25, 100 mg capsules; Neoral 25, 100 mg modified soft gel; 100 mg/mL oral solution; 50 mg/mL IV; Restasis 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (1) ·
Tablets 10 mg; injection 15 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL; nasal spray 15.75 mg/spray (Sprix); ophthalmic solution 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5% (1) ·
Tablets 5, 10, 20 mg; ophthalmic solution 0.25%, 0.5%; ophthalmic gel-forming solution 0.25%, 0.5% (Timoptic-XE) (1)
1.8 mg/day SC (Victoza, T2DM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000185-QINU`"' · 3.0 mg/day SC (Saxenda, obesity)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000186-QINU`"' (1) ·
10 µg twice daily (Byetta)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E7-QINU`"' · 2 mg once weekly (Bydureon BCise)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E8-QINU`"' (1) ·
120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) ·
15 mg/wk SC'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FE-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FF-QINU`"' (1) ·
2 mg/wk SC (Ozempic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024B-QINU`"' · 2.4 mg/wk SC (Wegovy)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024C-QINU`"' · 14 mg PO daily (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU`"' (1) ·
4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) ·
4.5 mg/wk SC'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) ·
60 mg/day (oral, hypertension); 0.5% BID (ophthalmic) (1) ·
800 mg/d (1) ·
Indication-specific (1) ·
IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) ·
No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1) ·
Transplant: regimen-specific (1)
30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) ·
BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Days for immunosuppressive effect (1) ·
Glycemic effect within days; full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000301-QINU`"' (1) ·
Glycemic effect within days; near-maximal HbA1c effect by 4 weeks at any given dose'"`UNIQ--ref-00000057-QINU`"' (1) ·
Glycemic effect within days; weight effect over weeks to months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000188-QINU`"' (1) ·
Glycemic effect within days;<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU`"' (1) ·
Glycemic effect within hours (Byetta); weeks (Bydureon, extended-release microsphere)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EA-QINU`"' (1) ·
Hours (3) ·
Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) ·
Immediate (IV) (1)
12 hours (1) ·
12 hours (oral BID); 24 hours (Timoptic-XE) (1) ·
4-6 hours (1) ·
6-12 hours systemic (1) ·
6-8 hours (1) ·
Biologic 12-36 hours (intermediate-acting) (1) ·
Dosing-frequency dependent (1) ·
Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) ·
~10 hours (Byetta)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EB-QINU`"' · ~7 days steady-state (Bydureon, after ~6–7 weeks of weekly dosing to reach steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EC-QINU`"' (1) ·
~24 h (daily dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000189-QINU`"' (1) ·
~7 days (weekly dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000058-QINU`"' (1) ·
~7 days (weekly dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000302-QINU`"' (1) ·
~7 days (weekly SC dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000251-QINU`"' · ~24 h (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000252-QINU`"' (1)
2-3 hours (normal renal function); markedly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B3-QINU`"' (1) ·
5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) ·
Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) ·
Plasma 2-3 hours; biologic ~18-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C4-QINU`"' (1) ·
~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) ·
~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018A-QINU`"' (1) ·
~165 hours (~1 week), among the longest of any GLP-1 RA'"`UNIQ--ref-00000253-QINU`"' (1) ·
~2.4 hours (Byetta, short, hence the BID schedule)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000ED-QINU`"' · Effective release half-life ~2 weeks (Bydureon)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EE-QINU`"' (1) ·
~4 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) ·
~5 days (~120 h)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000059-QINU`"' (1) ·
~5 days (~120 h)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000303-QINU`"' (1) ·
~8-27 hours (highly variable across the population)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A91-QINU`"' (1) ·
~9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C3-QINU`"' (1)
100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) ·
IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"' (1) ·
Sandimmune: highly variable (~30%); Neoral microemulsion: ~50%, less variable; '''Sandimmune and Neoral are NOT bioequivalent and not interchangeable''''"`UNIQ--ref-00000A92-QINU`"' (1) ·
SC ~47%–65%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"' (1) ·
SC ~55%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018B-QINU`"' (1) ·
SC ~65%–75%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
SC ~80%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
SC ~89%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"' (1) ·
~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) ·
~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) ·
~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"' (1) ·
~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C4-QINU`"' (1)
None (1) ·
'''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Aminoglycoside-class ototoxicity in fetal cochlea is documented; use only when alternatives have failed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Avoid from 20 weeks gestation onward per FDA's 2020 expanded NSAID warning; contraindicated from 30 weeks. Specifically contraindicated in labor and delivery due to inhibition of uterine contractions'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) ·
Avoid. Discontinue at least 1 month before planned pregnancy. Animal data show embryofetal harm.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005B-QINU`"' (1) ·
Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EF-QINU`"' (1) ·
Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018C-QINU`"' (1) ·
Avoid. Discontinue ≥1 month pre-conception. May reduce oral contraceptive efficacy during titration.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000304-QINU`"' (1) ·
Generally considered safe; commonly used in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited human data; β-blocker class effects include fetal growth restriction and neonatal bradycardia/hypoglycemia.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Standard fluid and electrolyte management (1) ·
Use when benefits outweigh; small association with oral clefts debated.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Used in transplant pregnancy when continued immunosuppression is required; reassuring data overall but careful monitoring needed.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
OTC (ophthalmic ointment) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) ·
Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005C-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) ·
Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-000000F0-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) ·
Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) ·
Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) ·
Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000305-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for parenteral formulations; OTC for oral, nasal, and many nebulizer products (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (4) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries '''Boxed Warning''' for risk of malignancy and serious infection; nephrotoxicity, hypertension, and immunosuppression-associated complications'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A93-QINU`"' (1) ·
[[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the same fluoroquinolone-class '''Boxed Warnings''' as ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C5-QINU`"' (1)
Showing below up to 13 results in range #1 to #13.


