Drilldown: Medicines

Azelastine (1) · Bimatoprost (1) · Brimonidine (1) · Ciprofloxacin (1) · Clindamycin (1) · Clotrimazole (1) · Dorzolamide (1) · Dulaglutide (1) · Estradiol (17β-estradiol) (1) · Exenatide (1) · Ketotifen (1) · Latanoprost (1) · Levofloxacin (1) · Liraglutide (1) · Metronidazole (1) · Moxifloxacin (1) · Nystatin (1) · Olopatadine (1) · Progesterone (micronized) (1) · Semaglutide (1) · Tirzepatide (1)

Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Astelin, Astepro (intranasal); Optivar (ophthalmic); with fluticasone as Dymista (1) · Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Byetta (twice-daily), Bydureon BCise (weekly) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Cleocin (oral, IV); Clindesse, Cleocin (vaginal); Clindets, Cleocin T (topical) (1) · Estrace, Vivelle-Dot, Climara, Divigel, Evamist, Estring, Estraderm, Premarin (CEE, not strictly estradiol) (1) · Flagyl, Metrocream, Metrogel, Metrogel-Vaginal, Noritate (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Lotrimin, Mycelex, Gyne-Lotrimin; OTC widely (1) · Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) · Mounjaro (T2DM), Zepbound (obesity, OSA) (1) · Mycostatin, Nystop, Nyamyc, Bio-Statin (1) · Ozempic (T2DM SC), Wegovy (obesity SC), Rybelsus (oral T2DM) (1) · Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal) (1) · Prometrium (oral), Endometrin (vaginal), Crinone (vaginal gel), Prochieve (1) · Trulicity (1) · Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) · Victoza (T2DM), Saxenda (obesity) (1) · Xalatan, Xelpros (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

[[:Category:Alpha-2_agonists|Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial (anaerobic)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (4) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal (imidazole)]] (1) · [[:Category:Antifungals|Antifungal]] (1) · [[:Category:Antiprotozoals|Antiprotozoal]] (1) · [[:Category:Carbonic_anhydrase_inhibitors|Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (topical)]] (1) · [[:Category:Estrogens|Estrogen]] (1) · [[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (3) · [[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (4) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (3) · [[:Category:Hormone_replacement_therapy|Hormone replacement therapy]] (2) · [[:Category:Intranasal_antihistamines|Intranasal antihistamine]] (1) · [[:Category:Lincosamides|Lincosamide antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (3) · [[:Category:Nitroimidazoles|Nitroimidazole antibiotic]] (1) · [[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (4) · [[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (2) · [[:Category:Polyene_antifungals|Polyene antifungal]] (1) · [[:Category:Progestogens|Progestogen]] (1) · [[:Category:Prostaglandin_analogs|Prostaglandin F2α analog]] (2) · [[:Category:Sex_hormones|Sex hormone]] (2) · [[:Category:Topical_antifungals|Topical antifungal]] (1) · [[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · Fc-fusion biologic (1) · [[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · First-in-class incretin mimetic (1) · [[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] agent (2) · [[GLP-1 receptor agonist]] · [[GIP receptor agonist]] · [[Antidiabetic medicines|Antidiabetic]] · [[Anti-obesity medicines|Anti-obesity]] · "Twincretin" (1)

None (11) · Agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; exendin-4 derivative from Gila monster venom. (1) · Dual agonist of the [[GIP receptor]] and [[GLP-1 receptor]] ("twincretin"). (1) · Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]. (1) · Long-acting agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]; Fc-fusion construct. (1) · Once-daily agonist of the [[GLP-1 receptor]]. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D11-QINU`"' Same mechanistic family as amphotericin B but with prohibitive systemic toxicity at therapeutic doses, hence restriction to topical and luminal-gut indications. No clinically meaningful resistance after decades of use'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D12-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'. (1)

[[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (adjunct, second-line) (1) · [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] (incl. pediatric ≥10 y) · [[Obesity]] (incl. pediatric ≥12 y) · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM (1) · [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in T2DM (1) · [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Cardiovascular risk reduction]] in obesity without diabetes · [[MASH]] with stage 2–3 fibrosis · [[Chronic kidney disease]] in T2DM (1) · [[Type 2 diabetes mellitus]] · [[Obesity]] · [[Obstructive sleep apnea]] in obesity (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000003B9-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000415-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000416-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000722-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000723-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000724-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000725-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000932-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000933-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000934-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000935-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000936-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000937-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B08-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000B09-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE8-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BE9-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000BEA-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CEF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF1-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF2-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000CF4-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D13-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D14-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D15-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D16-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D80-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D81-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D9F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000DA0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F40-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F41-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F42-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F43-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000F44-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000010D0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D8-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001286-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B3-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B4-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B5-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000143F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001440-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001441-QINU`"' (1)

0.75 mg SC weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1) · 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) · 2.5 mg SC weekly × 4 wk (non-therapeutic ramp)'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FB-QINU`"' (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 500 mg PO TID × 7-10 days (most indications); 2 g single dose for trichomoniasis; 500 mg IV q8h for severe anaerobic infection; rectal 1 g BID (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · Byetta: 5 µg SC twice daily, within 60 min before morning and evening meals'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E3-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise: 2 mg SC once weekly'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E4-QINU`"' (1) · HRT cyclic: 200 mg PO HS days 1-12 of each month; continuous: 100 mg PO daily; ART luteal support 100 mg vaginal TID or 90 mg gel daily (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · Oral 1-2 mg daily; transdermal patch 0.025-0.05 mg/d twice weekly; transdermal gel 0.5-1 g/d; vaginal 10 mcg tablet twice weekly for GSM. Always combine with a progestogen in patients with an intact uterus. (1) · Oral 300-450 mg PO QID; IV 600-900 mg q8h; topical 1% solution/gel BID; vaginal 100 mg ovule × 3 days or 2% cream × 7 days (1) · Oral: 4-6 mL (400,000-600,000 units) suspension QID swish-and-swallow; topical: BID-QID; vaginal tablet 1 daily for 2 weeks (1) · Ozempic: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000245-QINU`"' · Wegovy: 0.25 mg SC weekly × 4 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000246-QINU`"' · Rybelsus: 3 mg PO daily × 30 d'"`UNIQ--ref-00000247-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: 1% cream BID × 2-4 weeks; vaginal: 1% or 2% cream nightly × 7 days, or 100/200/500 mg vaginal tablet single or 3-day regimens; troche: 10 mg PO five times daily × 2 weeks for thrush (1) · Victoza: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000181-QINU`"' · Saxenda: 0.6 mg SC daily × 1 wk'"`UNIQ--ref-00000182-QINU`"' (1)

0.005% ophthalmic solution (50 mcg/mL); typical 2.5 mL bottle (1) · 0.01%, 0.03% ophthalmic solution (1) · 0.025%, 0.035% ophthalmic solutions (1) · 0.1% (Patanol), 0.2% (Pataday once-daily original), 0.7% (Pataday 24-hour) ophthalmic solutions; 0.6% nasal spray (1) · 0.1%, 0.15% intranasal spray; 0.05% ophthalmic solution; combination Dymista (azelastine 0.137 mg + fluticasone 50 mcg/spray) (1) · 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2% ophthalmic solutions; 0.33% topical gel; combinations with timolol (Combigan) and brinzolamide (Simbrinza) (1) · 1% topical cream, lotion, solution; 1%, 2% vaginal cream; 100, 200, 500 mg vaginal tablets; 10 mg oral troches; combination with betamethasone (Lotrisone, Rx) (1) · 100,000 units/mL oral suspension; 500,000 unit tablets; 100,000 units/g cream, ointment, powder; vaginal tablets (1) · 2% ophthalmic solution (Trusopt); 2%/0.5% fixed combination with timolol (Cosopt, Cosopt PF) (1) · 250, 500 mg tablets; 750 mg ER; 500 mg/100 mL IV; 0.75-1% topical gel/cream; 0.75% vaginal gel; suppository (1) · 250, 500, 750 mg IR tablets; 500, 1000 mg ER tablets (XR); 250, 500 mg/5 mL oral suspension; 200, 400 mg IV; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment; 0.2% otic (1) · 250, 500, 750 mg tablets; 25 mg/mL oral solution; 25 mg/mL IV (premix bags 250, 500, 750 mg); 0.5%, 1.5% ophthalmic solutions (1) · 400 mg tablets; 400 mg/250 mL IV; 0.5% ophthalmic solution (1) · 75, 150, 300 mg capsules; 75 mg/5 mL solution; 150 mg/mL IV; 1% topical; 2% vaginal cream (1) · Byetta pre-filled multi-dose pen: 5 µg / 10 µg per dose'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E5-QINU`"' · Bydureon BCise single-dose autoinjector: 2 mg extended-release microsphere suspension'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E6-QINU`"' (1) · Oral 0.5, 1, 2 mg tablets; transdermal patches (twice-weekly and once-weekly); 0.06% gel; 1.53 mg/spray topical; vaginal ring (Estring); vaginal tablet (Vagifem/Yuvafem); vaginal cream (1) · Oral 100, 200 mg capsules (peanut oil; check allergy); 100 mg vaginal insert (Endometrin); 4%, 8% vaginal gel (Crinone); IM 50 mg/mL (1) · Pre-filled multi-dose pen (0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 2 mg, Ozempic;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000248-QINU`"' 0.25 / 0.5 / 1 / 1.7 / 2.4 mg, Wegovy'"`UNIQ--ref-00000249-QINU`"') · Oral tablet 3 / 7 / 14 mg co-formulated with SNAC absorption enhancer (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024A-QINU`"' (1) · Pre-filled multi-dose pen (3 mL): Victoza 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 mg per day);'"`UNIQ--ref-00000183-QINU`"' Saxenda 6 mg/mL (0.6 / 1.2 / 1.8 / 2.4 / 3.0 mg per day)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000184-QINU`"' (1) · Pre-filled single-dose pen and vial: 2.5 / 5 / 7.5 / 10 / 12.5 / 15 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FC-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FD-QINU`"' (1) · Pre-filled single-dose pen: 0.75 / 1.5 / 3 / 4.5 mg'"`UNIQ--ref-00000054-QINU`"' (1)

1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) · 1.8 mg/day SC (Victoza, T2DM)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000185-QINU`"' · 3.0 mg/day SC (Saxenda, obesity)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000186-QINU`"' (1) · 10 µg twice daily (Byetta)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E7-QINU`"' · 2 mg once weekly (Bydureon BCise)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000E8-QINU`"' (1) · 15 mg/wk SC'"`UNIQ--ref-000002FE-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-000002FF-QINU`"' (1) · 2 mg/wk SC (Ozempic)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024B-QINU`"' · 2.4 mg/wk SC (Wegovy)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024C-QINU`"' · 14 mg PO daily (Rybelsus)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000024D-QINU`"' (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 4.5 mg/wk SC'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1) · 4.8 g/d (IV severe infection) (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · Indication-dependent; 200-400 mg/d oral typical (1) · Indication-specific (1) · Indication-specific; lowest effective dose for shortest duration is the WHI-era standard (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · One drop per eye per day (1) · TID per eye (2) · Topical: BID; troche: 5×/day (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1) · ~4 g/d (severe systemic infection) (1)

None · Oral · IV · Topical · IM · intranasal · rectal · Subcutaneous · topical ophthalmic · ophthalmic · intramuscular · intravenous · transdermal · vaginal · Subcutaneous (abdomen · sublingual · thigh · Inhaled · SC · intra-articular

Other values:

Search

15 minutes (1) · Days (1) · Glycemic effect within days; full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000301-QINU`"' (1) · Glycemic effect within days; near-maximal HbA1c effect by 4 weeks at any given dose'"`UNIQ--ref-00000057-QINU`"' (1) · Glycemic effect within days; weight effect over weeks to months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000188-QINU`"' (1) · Glycemic effect within days;<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> full weight effect over months'"`UNIQ--ref-00000250-QINU`"' (1) · Glycemic effect within hours (Byetta); weeks (Bydureon, extended-release microsphere)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EA-QINU`"' (1) · Hours (5) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1) · Sedation/dizziness within hours of oral dose; endometrial effects over days (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Symptom relief within days (1) · Vasomotor relief 2-4 weeks; bone density gains over months (1) · Within minutes (1)

12 hours (1) · 24 hours (4) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 6-8 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (4) · 8-12 hours (TID dosing needed) (1) · Hours per application (2) · Oral: 8-12 hours; vaginal: 24+ hours; IM: days (1) · Route- and formulation-dependent (1) · ~10 hours (Byetta)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EB-QINU`"' · ~7 days steady-state (Bydureon, after ~6–7 weeks of weekly dosing to reach steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EC-QINU`"' (1) · ~24 h (daily dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000189-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 days (weekly dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000058-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 days (weekly dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000302-QINU`"' (1) · ~7 days (weekly SC dosing)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000251-QINU`"' · ~24 h (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000252-QINU`"' (1)

4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · 6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEB-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (minimal systemic absorption from topical use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F45-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described (not systemically absorbed)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D17-QINU`"' (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D82-QINU`"' (1) · ~13 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018A-QINU`"' (1) · ~13-20 hours (oral); transdermal pharmacokinetics buffer the peaks/troughs of oral dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BA-QINU`"' (1) · ~165 hours (~1 week), among the longest of any GLP-1 RA'"`UNIQ--ref-00000253-QINU`"' (1) · ~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000417-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.4 hours (Byetta, short, hence the BID schedule)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000ED-QINU`"' · Effective release half-life ~2 weeks (Bydureon)'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EE-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5-3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00001442-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D9-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 months in erythrocytes (carbonic anhydrase binding in red cells; not relevant to topical IOP duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0A-QINU`"' (1) · ~45 minutes (free acid in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA1-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 days (~120 h)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000059-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 days (~120 h)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000303-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-20 hours (oral micronized; highly variable)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000726-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF5-QINU`"' (1)

Essentially zero systemic absorption from oral or topical routes — the topical-action-only profile is the basis of its safety'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D18-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Oral ~5% (extensive first-pass to estrone and conjugates); transdermal bypasses first-pass, giving more physiologic estradiol:estrone ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BB-QINU`"' (1) · Oral: very low (extensive first-pass); micronization improves uptake somewhat. Vaginal: high local effect with lower systemic levels (first-uterine-pass concentration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000727-QINU`"' (1) · SC ~47%–65%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005A-QINU`"' (1) · SC ~55%'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018B-QINU`"' (1) · SC ~65%–75%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · SC ~80%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · SC ~89%<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> · Oral ~0.4–1% (SNAC-enhanced)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000254-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical: minimal systemic; troche: ~3% systemic'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F46-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~80% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000BEC-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001443-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · '''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · '''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · '''Avoid in pregnancy where alternatives exist''' (animal cartilage toxicity; class-wide concern); use only when benefit clearly outweighs.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Avoid. Discontinue at least 1 month before planned pregnancy. Animal data show embryofetal harm.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005B-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-000000EF-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid. Discontinue before planned pregnancy.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018C-QINU`"' (1) · Avoid. Discontinue ≥1 month pre-conception. May reduce oral contraceptive efficacy during titration.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000304-QINU`"' (1) · Contraindicated in pregnancy (use is not appropriate during gestation; class label X). Lactation considerations vary by indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe (minimal systemic exposure).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe after the first trimester; first-trimester use weighed against indication.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe in pregnancy (no systemic absorption).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Generally considered safe; minimal systemic exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; second-line to intranasal corticosteroids or PO loratadine/cetirizine.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; weigh against alternatives, though systemic exposure is low.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Limited data; weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (2) · Topical and vaginal generally considered safe; widely used.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)

None (1) · OTC (Astepro 0.15%) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other intranasal, ophthalmic, Dymista) in US (1) · OTC (lower strengths) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (combination with betamethasone) in US (1) · OTC (Pataday ophthalmic) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (Patanase intranasal) in US (1) · OTC in US (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-0000005C-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-000000F0-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-0000018D-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000256-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · Rx-only;'"`UNIQ--ref-00000305-QINU`"' not a controlled substance (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (8) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries a '''Boxed Warning''' for Clostridioides difficile colitis (one of the most C. difficile-inducing antibiotic classes)'"`UNIQ--ref-00001444-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the same fluoroquinolone-class '''Boxed Warnings''' as ciprofloxacin/levofloxacin'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D84-QINU`"' (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. Carries the same fluoroquinolone-class '''Boxed Warnings''' as ciprofloxacin: tendinitis/tendon rupture (especially elderly, corticosteroid co-use), peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, worsening of myasthenia gravis'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF7-QINU`"' (1)