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Medicines (732)

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(none, never marketed) (1) · Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Aricept (oral), Adlarity (transdermal patch) (1) · Astelin, Astepro (intranasal); Optivar (ophthalmic); with fluticasone as Dymista (1) · Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · Ditropan, Ditropan XL, Oxytrol (transdermal), Gelnique (gel) (1) · Estrace, Vivelle-Dot, Climara, Divigel, Evamist, Estring, Estraderm, Premarin (CEE, not strictly estradiol) (1) · Kapvay (ER, ADHD), Catapres (IR, antihypertensive), Catapres-TTS (transdermal patch), Duraclon (epidural injection) (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Multiple OTC dietary supplement formulations (1) · Nitrostat, Nitrolingual, NitroMist, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur, Minitran, Rectiv (1) · Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal) (1) · Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Metadate CD, Daytrana, Quillivant XR (1) · Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) · Voltaren (IR oral, topical gel), Cataflam (potassium IR), Cambia (oral powder, migraine), Zorvolex (low-dose), Pennsaid (topical 2% solution), Flector (transdermal patch), Solaraze (3% gel for actinic keratosis) (1) · Xalatan, Xelpros (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

[[:Category:Glaucoma_medications|Glaucoma medication]] (4) · [[:Category:Ocular_hypotensive_agents|Ocular hypotensive agent]] (4) · [[:Category:Antibacterials|Antibacterial]] (3) · [[:Category:Fluoroquinolones|Fluoroquinolone antibiotic]] (3) · [[:Category:H1_receptor_antagonists|Histamine H1 receptor antagonist]] (3) · [[:Category:Mast_cell_stabilizers|Mast cell stabilizer]] (3) · [[:Category:Ophthalmic_antihistamines|Ophthalmic antihistamine]] (2) · [[:Category:Prostaglandin_analogs|Prostaglandin F2α analog]] (2) · [[:Category:Sleep aids|Sleep aid]] (2)

Other values:

None (15) · Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibition (DAT, NET) (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'. (1)

None (1) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · 0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose (1) · 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 5 mg PO once daily at bedtime; titrate to 10 mg/day after 4-6 weeks. Severe Alzheimer disease: may escalate to 23 mg/day. Adlarity patch: 5 or 10 mg/day applied weekly (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · ADHD (Kapvay ER): 0.1 mg PO at bedtime, titrate weekly to 0.4 mg/day divided BID. HTN (IR): 0.1 mg PO BID, titrate by 0.1 mg increments (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · IR 5 mg PO BID-TID; ER 5-10 mg PO daily, titrate; transdermal patch 3.9 mg/d twice weekly (OTC) (1) · IR oral 50 mg PO TID or 75 mg BID. Voltaren 1% gel: apply 2-4 g to affected area QID. Pennsaid 2%: 40 drops to knee BID. Flector patch: every 12 hours (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · Oral 1-2 mg daily; transdermal patch 0.025-0.05 mg/d twice weekly; transdermal gel 0.5-1 g/d; vaginal 10 mcg tablet twice weekly for GSM. Always combine with a progestogen in patients with an intact uterus. (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1) · SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance) (1)

None (1) · 1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 150 mg/day (oral); use lowest effective dose for shortest duration per FDA NSAID class guidance (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 2.4 mg/day (HTN, IR); 0.4 mg/day (ADHD, Kapvay) (1) · 23 mg/day (1) · 30 mg/d (XL) typical (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · Indication-specific; lowest effective dose for shortest duration is the WHI-era standard (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · N/A (never approved) (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · One drop per eye per day (1) · TID per eye (2) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1)

15 minutes (1) · 15-30 minutes (1) · 20–60 min (oral) (1) · 30-60 min (IR oral); 2-3 days to steady state (transdermal patch) (1) · 30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral) (1) · 30-60 minutes (oral); slower for topical (1) · 30-60 minutes (PO) (1) · Cognitive effect emerges gradually over weeks to months; ceiling effect at the therapeutic dose (1) · Hours (3) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Vasomotor relief 2-4 weeks; bone density gains over months (1) · Within minutes (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

12 hours (1) · 24 hours (4) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 24 hours (once-daily dosing) (1) · 3-4 hours (1) · 6-8 hours (IR oral); 12-24 hours (ER) (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · 8-12 hours (IR); ~7 days (transdermal patch) (1) · 8-12 hours (TID dosing needed) (1) · IR 3–5 h; LA/SR 6–8 h; Concerta 10–12 h; Daytrana ~9 h wear time (1) · IR: 6-10 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) · N/A (replacement) (1) · Route- and formulation-dependent (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1)

1-2 hours (parent compound)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000029-QINU`"' (1) · 1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' (1) · 12-16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000026-QINU`"' (1) · 2-3 hours (parent and active N-desethyl metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E1-QINU`"' (1) · 2–3 h (parent compound) (1) · 30-50 minutes (short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · 4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D82-QINU`"' (1) · ~13-20 hours (oral); transdermal pharmacokinetics buffer the peaks/troughs of oral dosing'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BA-QINU`"' (1) · ~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000417-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D9-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 months in erythrocytes (carbonic anhydrase binding in red cells; not relevant to topical IOP duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0A-QINU`"' (1) · ~45 minutes (free acid in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA1-QINU`"' (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF5-QINU`"' (1) · ~70 hours (long, supports once-daily dosing without peak-trough variation)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · Oral ~5% (extensive first-pass to estrone and conjugates); transdermal bypasses first-pass, giving more physiologic estradiol:estrone ratio'"`UNIQ--ref-000003BB-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · ~30% (high first-pass) (1) · ~50-60% (oral; substantial first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000002A-QINU`"' (1) · ~6% IR oral (substantial first-pass to active N-desethyl metabolite, which contributes most of the antimuscarinic adverse effects); transdermal bypasses first-pass and is better tolerated'"`UNIQ--ref-000006E2-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~75-85% (oral); ~60% (transdermal at steady state)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000027-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"' (1)