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Medicines (732)

Medicines > routes

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Bromazolam (1) · Budesonide (1) · Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) (1) · Fluticasone (1) · Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) (1) · Mometasone furoate (1) · Naltrexone (1) · Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) (1) · Tobramycin (1) · Zolpidem (tartrate) (1)

(none, never marketed) (1) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Flonase (intranasal, OTC); Flovent (inhaled, asthma); Cutivate (topical) (1) · Many OTC and Rx; Nascobal (intranasal); generic injection (1) · Multiple OTC dietary supplement formulations (1) · Nasonex (intranasal), Asmanex (inhaled), Elocon (topical), Sinuva (sinus implant); with formoterol as Dulera (1) · Nitrostat, Nitrolingual, NitroMist, Nitro-Bid, Nitro-Dur, Minitran, Rectiv (1) · Pulmicort (inhaled), Rhinocort (intranasal), Entocort EC and Uceris (enteric-coated oral for IBD), Symbicort (with formoterol) (1) · ReVia (oral, 50 mg tablets), Depade (oral, generic), Vivitrol (extended-release IM injection 380 mg monthly); Contrave (naltrexone + bupropion ER tablets for weight management) (1) · Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1)

None (9) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABAA receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl− channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1)

None (1) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · 0.5-3 mg PO 30-60 minutes before bedtime. Some patients respond to micro-doses (0.3 mg) without additional benefit at higher doses. For circadian phase shifting, timing relative to dim-light melatonin onset matters more than absolute dose (1) · ICS Pulmicort Flexhaler 180-360 mcg BID; intranasal Rhinocort 64 mcg/spray, 1-2 sprays/nostril daily; Entocort EC 9 mg PO daily for active Crohn's; Symbicort 80/4.5 or 160/4.5 mcg, 2 puffs BID (1) · Inhaled (Flovent HFA) 88 mcg BID; intranasal (Flonase) 2 sprays/nostril daily; topical (Cutivate) 0.05% cream BID (1) · Intranasal Nasonex 2 sprays/nostril daily (50 mcg/spray); inhaled Asmanex 220 mcg DPI 1-2 inhalations daily/BID; topical Elocon 0.1% cream daily (1) · IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1) · Replacement: 1000 mcg IM daily for 1 week, then weekly for 4 weeks, then monthly; or 1000-2000 mcg PO daily (effective even in pernicious anemia via passive diffusion); intranasal 500 mcg weekly (1) · SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance) (1)

100, 250, 500, 1000, 5000 mcg tablets (OTC and Rx); 1000 mcg/mL injection; intranasal spray; sublingual (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Inhaled MDI 44/110/220 mcg per actuation; DPI (Diskus) 50/100/250 mcg; nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation; cream/ointment 0.005%, 0.05% (1) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · IV 10 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL; inhaled 300 mg/5 mL solution (Tobi, Bethkis); Podhaler dry powder; 0.3% ophthalmic solution and ointment (1) · Nasonex 50 mcg/actuation intranasal; Asmanex HFA MDI 100/200 mcg; Asmanex Twisthaler DPI 110/220 mcg; Elocon 0.1% cream/ointment/lotion; Sinuva sinus implant; Dulera (with formoterol) (1) · Oral tablets 50 mg (ReVia, Depade, generics); Vivitrol extended-release IM suspension 380 mg single-dose vial; Contrave (naltrexone 8 mg + bupropion 90 mg ER tablets); compounded 1, 2, 3, 4.5 mg tablets/capsules for LDN (1) · OTC tablets, sublingual tablets, gummies, liquid, extended-release tablets and capsules; common strengths 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 mg (1) · Pulmicort Flexhaler DPI 90, 180 mcg/dose; Pulmicort Respules 0.25, 0.5, 1 mg/2 mL nebulized; Rhinocort intranasal 32 mcg/spray; Entocort EC 3 mg capsules; Uceris 9 mg ER tablets and rectal foam (1) · SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV (1)

10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 50 mg/day oral; 380 mg/4 weeks IM (Vivitrol); 32 mg + 360 mg naltrexone/bupropion daily (Contrave maximum after titration) (1) · ICS 880 mcg/d (asthma); intranasal 200 mcg/d (1) · ICS ~1280 mcg/d; intranasal 256 mcg/d; Entocort 9 mg/d standard (1) · Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) · Intranasal 200 mcg/d (adults); inhaled 880 mcg/d (1) · IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) · N/A (never approved) (1) · No strict ceiling; water-soluble vitamin, low toxicity (1) · Not formally established (dietary supplement); doses above ~3-5 mg show no additional efficacy but increase next-day sedation risk (1)

15-30 minutes (1) · 30-60 minutes (immediate-release oral) (1) · Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; nasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; topical: hours (1) · Inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks; oral GI effect 1-2 weeks (1) · Intranasal: symptom relief 12-24 hours; inhaled: bronchial effect 1-2 weeks (1) · Oral peak plasma 1 hour; therapeutic opioid blockade within hours of first dose. IM Vivitrol: peak plasma 2-3 days; therapeutic blockade through the dosing interval. (1) · Reticulocyte response at 3-5 days; neurologic recovery weeks to months (and may be incomplete if longstanding) (1) · SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

12-24 hours (1) · 12-24 hours per dose (1) · 24 hours (1) · 3-4 hours (1) · 6-12 hours systemic (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · N/A (replacement) (1) · Oral mu-blockade clinically meaningful for 24-72 hours; IM Vivitrol blockade through 4 weeks. (1) · SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1)

1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' (1) · 2-3 hours (normal renal function); markedly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B3-QINU`"' (1) · 30-50 minutes (short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Naltrexone parent ~4 hours (oral); 6-beta-naltrexol (active metabolite) ~13 hours. Vivitrol depot terminal half-life 5-10 days with sustained release from microspheres maintaining blockade for the 4-week dosing interval.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000004F-QINU`"' (1) · ~2-3.6 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A5-QINU`"' (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1) · ~5 hours (plasma)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9C-QINU`"' (1) · ~6 days (plasma); hepatic stores last 3-5 years (1) · ~7.8 hours (fluticasone propionate, inhaled systemic exposure)'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DD-QINU`"' (1)

<1% oral (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ~30% inhaled lung deposition'"`UNIQ--ref-000001DE-QINU`"' (1) · Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"' (1) · Intranasal: <1% systemic; inhaled lung deposition with extensive first-pass clearance'"`UNIQ--ref-00000F9D-QINU`"' (1) · IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"' (1) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Oral ~1-3% via passive diffusion at high doses (independent of intrinsic factor); IM/SC ~100% (1) · ~15% (oral; highly variable due to extensive and variable first-pass metabolism)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000022-QINU`"' (1) · ~5-40% (oral, highly variable due to extensive first-pass metabolism; mean ~5-10% for parent naltrexone with the majority of pharmacologic effect coming from 6-beta-naltrexol). IM Vivitrol bypasses first-pass entirely.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000050-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-13% inhaled lung deposition; ~10% oral (Entocort EC; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 — this is the basis of the favorable hepatic-targeted local-effect profile in IBD)'"`UNIQ--ref-000009A6-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)

None (2) · OTC (intranasal Flonase) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (inhaled, topical) in US (1) · OTC (intranasal Rhinocort Allergy) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · OTC (low/mid-dose oral) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (injection, intranasal) in US (1) · OTC (Nasonex 24HR) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (other forms) in US (1) · [[USLegal:Over-the-counter|OTC]] dietary supplement in the US ('''not FDA-regulated as a medicine'''; multiple studies show OTC products contain 50-470% of labeled melatonin content); [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in the EU and UK (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (2) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)

Showing below up to 10 results in range #1 to #10.

B

C

Cyanocobalamin

F

Fluticasone

M

N

T

Tobramycin

Z

Zolpidem