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Medicines (732)

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Azelastine (1) · Bimatoprost (1) · Brimonidine (1) · Ciprofloxacin (1) · Cyclosporine (ciclosporin) (1) · Dorzolamide (1) · Erythromycin (1) · Ketorolac (tromethamine) (1) · Ketotifen (1) · Latanoprost (1) · Levofloxacin (1) · Moxifloxacin (1) · Ofloxacin (1) · Olopatadine (1) · Prednisolone (and prednisolone sodium phosphate, acetate, etc.) (1) · Sodium chloride (1) · Timolol (maleate) (1) · Tobramycin (1)

Alphagan P (ophthalmic glaucoma), Mirvaso (topical rosacea) (1) · Astelin, Astepro (intranasal); Optivar (ophthalmic); with fluticasone as Dymista (1) · Avelox (oral/IV brand discontinued US); Vigamox, Moxeza (ophthalmic) (1) · Cipro, Cipro XR, Ciloxan (ophthalmic) (1) · E.E.S., EryPed, Ery-Tab, PCE, Erythrocin (lactobionate IV); topical Erygel, Akne-Mycin; ophthalmic ointment (1) · Floxin (oral, US brand discontinued); Ocuflox (ophthalmic); Floxin Otic (otic) (1) · Levaquin (US brand discontinued); generic and ophthalmic Quixin/Iquix (1) · Lumigan (glaucoma), Latisse (eyelash growth) (1) · Normal saline, NaCl injection, many; nebulized: HyperSal, PulmoSal (1) · Patanol, Pataday (ophthalmic, now OTC), Patanase (intranasal) (1) · Prelone, Pediapred, Orapred ODT, Millipred, Veripred (1) · Sandimmune, Neoral (modified microemulsion, increased bioavailability), Gengraf, Restasis (ophthalmic) (1) · Timoptic (ophthalmic), Timoptic-XE (gel-forming once-daily), Istalol (once-daily 0.5%), Betimol; Blocadren (oral, discontinued in many markets); combination eye drops Combigan (with brimonidine), Cosopt (with dorzolamide) (1) · Tobrex (ophthalmic), Tobi, Tobi Podhaler, Bethkis (inhaled, cystic fibrosis), generic IV (1) · Toradol (IV/IM, US brand discontinued), Sprix (nasal spray), Acular and Acuvail (ophthalmic) (1) · Trusopt; with timolol as Cosopt (1) · Xalatan, Xelpros (1) · Zaditor, Alaway (ophthalmic, OTC); Zaditen (systemic, outside US) (1)

None (11) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000037-QINU`"' Hypertonic 3% is the standard urgent treatment of severely symptomatic hyponatremia'"`UNIQ--ref-00000038-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000008BE-QINU`"' Preferred over prednisone in advanced hepatic dysfunction where hepatic 11β-HSD1 activation is impaired. Liquid formulations are the workhorse pediatric oral corticosteroid for asthma and croup'"`UNIQ--ref-000008BF-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000D7A-QINU`"' Substantial QT-interval prolongation — the most QT-prolonging fluoroquinolone — limits use in patients on other QT-prolonging agents or with electrolyte abnormalities'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D7B-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000011D5-QINU`"' Minimal systemic absorption and the dual mechanism underlie its first-line role in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Comfort drops without preservatives are available for sensitive patients'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D6-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001284-QINU`"' Systemic oral ketotifen (available outside US) has historical use for asthma adjunct therapy via the same dual mechanism, but oral use produces sedation and weight gain — the topical ophthalmic application largely avoids both'"`UNIQ--ref-00001285-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000013B1-QINU`"' Topical application minimizes systemic antihistaminic burden; the characteristic bitter taste with nasal use (drainage to oropharynx) is the main tolerability issue'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B2-QINU`"'. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000014BC-QINU`"' Topical ophthalmic and otic formulations remain widely used in ENT and ophthalmology. Subject to all fluoroquinolone-class restrictions (tendinitis/rupture, peripheral neuropathy, QT prolongation)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014BD-QINU`"'. (1)

1 drop in affected eye(s) TID (monotherapy); BID with timolol (Cosopt) (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (1) · 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening (Lumigan); Latisse applied to upper lash line at bedtime (1) · 250-500 mg PO QID; 7.5-12.5 mg/kg IV q6h; topical and ophthalmic per formulation (1) · 400 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · 500-750 mg PO BID; 400 mg IV q8-12h (1) · 500-750 mg PO/IV once daily (1) · IM: 60 mg single dose or 30 mg every 6 hours. IV: 30 mg every 6 hours. Oral (continuation only): 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Sprix nasal: 31.5 mg every 6-8 hours. '''Maximum 5 days total combined use''' (1) · Intranasal 0.1% or 0.15%: 1-2 sprays/nostril BID; ophthalmic 0.05%: 1 drop in each eye BID (1) · IV: traditional 1-1.7 mg/kg q8h or extended-interval 5-7 mg/kg q24h with target-trough monitoring; inhaled CF 300 mg BID × 28 days on / 28 days off; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q4h (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in affected eye(s) TID; topical Mirvaso 0.33% gel applied to face daily (1) · Ophthalmic 1 drop in each eye every 8-12 hours (1) · Ophthalmic Pataday 0.7%: 1 drop in each eye once daily (24-hour formulation); Patanol 0.1% BID; intranasal Patanase 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · Ophthalmic: 1 drop 0.5% in affected eye(s) BID (or once daily for XE / Istalol). Oral hypertension: 10 mg PO BID, titrate to 60 mg/day. Migraine prophylaxis: 10 mg BID, titrate to 30 mg/day (1) · Oral 200-400 mg BID; ophthalmic 1-2 drops in affected eye(s) q2-4h initially, then taper; otic 5-10 drops in affected ear BID (1) · Pediatric 1-2 mg/kg/d (max 60 mg) PO for asthma exacerbation; adult dosing similar to prednisone milligram-for-milligram (~1:1 potency) (1) · Transplant: 5-10 mg/kg/d divided BID, titrated to trough levels (typically 100-300 ng/mL depending on regimen and post-transplant interval); ophthalmic Restasis 0.05% one drop BID (1) · Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1)

1 drop per eye q8-12h (1) · 1 drop/eye/day (more frequent dosing reduces efficacy) (1) · 120 mg/day (IV/IM); 40 mg/day (oral); '''5-day maximum total combined therapy''' to mitigate the GI bleeding, AKI, and platelet dysfunction risks (1) · 2 sprays/nostril BID (1) · 4 g/d (rarely tolerated due to GI effects) (1) · 400 mg/d (1) · 60 mg/day (oral, hypertension); 0.5% BID (ophthalmic) (1) · 750 mg/d (1) · 800 mg/d (1) · Indication-specific (1) · IV: monitored by levels (trough <1 mg/L for extended-interval; <2 mg/L for traditional) (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1) · Once daily (Pataday 0.7%); BID (other ophthalmic) (1) · One drop per eye per day (1) · TID per eye (2) · Transplant: regimen-specific (1) · ~1500 mg/d (oral); 1200 mg/d (IV) (1)

15 minutes (1) · 30 minutes (IM); 30-60 minutes (oral) (1) · BP effect within hours (oral); IOP reduction within 30 minutes, full effect 1-2 weeks (ophthalmic) (1) · Days for immunosuppressive effect (1) · Hours (6) · Hours (systemic); minutes (ophthalmic) (1) · Immediate (IV) (1) · IOP lowering at 1 hour; max at 2-3 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 2 hours; max at 4 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 3-4 hours; maximum at 8-12 hours (1) · IOP lowering at 4 hours, maximum at 8-12 hours; eyelash effect after 2 months (1) · Symptom relief within 30-60 minutes (1) · Within minutes (1)

12 hours (2) · 12 hours (oral BID); 24 hours (Timoptic-XE) (1) · 24 hours (4) · 24 hours (0.7% formulation); 8-12 hours (lower-strength) (1) · 4-6 hours (1) · 6-12 hours systemic (1) · 6-8 hours (1) · 8-12 hours (3) · 8-12 hours (TID dosing needed) (1) · Biologic 12-36 hours (intermediate-acting) (1) · Dosing-frequency dependent (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1)

2-3 hours (normal renal function); markedly prolonged in renal impairment'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B3-QINU`"' (1) · 4 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000938-QINU`"' (1) · 5-6 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000020-QINU`"' (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1) · Not meaningfully described for ophthalmic use'"`UNIQ--ref-00001287-QINU`"' (1) · Plasma 2-3 hours; biologic ~18-36 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C4-QINU`"' (1) · ~1.5-2 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3E-QINU`"' (1) · ~12 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D82-QINU`"' (1) · ~17 minutes (free acid, the active form, in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000417-QINU`"' (1) · ~22 hours; longer 54 hours (desmethylazelastine, active metabolite)'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B6-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours (systemic, when measurable; topical action dominates)'"`UNIQ--ref-000011D9-QINU`"' (1) · ~3 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D1-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 hours (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1) · ~4 months in erythrocytes (carbonic anhydrase binding in red cells; not relevant to topical IOP duration)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0A-QINU`"' (1) · ~45 minutes (free acid in aqueous humor)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA1-QINU`"' (1) · ~6-8 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF5-QINU`"' (1) · ~8-27 hours (highly variable across the population)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A91-QINU`"' (1) · ~9 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C3-QINU`"' (1)

100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · Intranasal ~40% systemic; ophthalmic minimal'"`UNIQ--ref-000013B7-QINU`"' (1) · IV/IM ~100%; inhaled: minimal systemic; oral: negligible (not used orally for systemic infection)'"`UNIQ--ref-000010B4-QINU`"' (1) · Sandimmune: highly variable (~30%); Neoral microemulsion: ~50%, less variable; '''Sandimmune and Neoral are NOT bioequivalent and not interchangeable''''"`UNIQ--ref-00000A92-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with measurable systemic absorption (small CA inhibition observed clinically with chronic use)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000B0B-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-000011DA-QINU`"' (1) · Topical with minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00001288-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; clinically meaningful systemic absorption can produce systemic α2 effects (somnolence, hypotension), especially in children'"`UNIQ--ref-000010D2-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000418-QINU`"' (1) · Topical; minimal systemic absorption'"`UNIQ--ref-00000DA2-QINU`"' (1) · ~100% (oral, but oral use is limited to continuation from parenteral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000021-QINU`"' (1) · ~30-65% (oral; acid-labile, hence enteric-coated formulations; food affects absorption variably)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D3F-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (oral); systemic absorption from ophthalmic application is clinically meaningful via nasolacrimal drainage'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000008C5-QINU`"' (1) · ~70% (oral; reduced by divalent cations — antacids, iron, calcium, dairy)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000939-QINU`"' (1) · ~90% (oral; not affected by food but reduced by divalent cations)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000D83-QINU`"' (1) · ~95% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-000014C4-QINU`"' (1) · ~99% (oral; matched 1:1 IV-to-PO conversion)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000CF6-QINU`"' (1)