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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : 5HT2A or Anticonvulsant or Opioid

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (12)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (50) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · Schizophrenia (FDA-approved 2015). Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (2015). '''Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer disease''' (FDA-approved May 2023, first agent specifically approved for this problem). Investigational for PTSD (combined with sertraline). (1)
starting dose:
None (50) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Schizophrenia: 1 mg PO daily × 4 days, then 2 mg daily × 3 days, then 4 mg daily. MDD adjunct: 0.5-1 mg daily, increase to 2 mg max. AD agitation: 0.5 mg daily, titrate to 2-3 mg daily. (1)
preparations:
None (50) · 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (50) · 360 mg/day (1) · 4 mg/d (schizophrenia); 3 mg/d (AD agitation); 3 mg/d (MDD adjunct) (1)
routes:
None (50) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (50) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Weeks for psychosis/depression; AD agitation benefit emerges over weeks (1)
duration:
None (50) · 4–6 hours (1) · Daily dosing (1)
halflife:
None (50) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~91 hours (1)
bioavailability:
None (50) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~95% (1)
pregnancy:
None (50) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limited data; National Pregnancy Registry available (1)
legal:
None (50) · Rx (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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