Drilldown: Medicines

Butorphanol (1) · Codeine (2) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Lithium (1) · Meperidine (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Tapentadol (1)

None (5) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Lithobid (extended-release); Eskalith (discontinued in US); Carbolith (Canada); Priadel (UK); Camcolit (UK) (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antiparkinsonian · Antipsychotic · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1)

None (16) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1)

None (16) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)

None (15) · Lithium carbonate: immediate-release capsules (150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg) and tablets (300 mg); extended-release tablets (300 mg, 450 mg). Lithium citrate: oral solution (8 mEq/5 mL, equivalent to 300 mg lithium carbonate per 5 mL) for patients unable to swallow tablets. (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (15) · 360 mg/day (1) · No defined absolute maximum; dosing is guided by serum level monitoring. Levels above 1.5 mEq/L carry increasing toxicity risk. Levels consistently above 1.2 mEq/L are generally not maintained in clinical practice.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000052-QINU`"' (1)

None (15) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (15) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Antimanic effects begin within 5-7 days of reaching therapeutic serum levels, with full response often requiring 2-3 weeks. For acute mania, a neuroleptic is typically added for rapid sedation while lithium takes effect.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000053-QINU`"' (1)

None (16) · 4–6 hours (1)

None (15) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Approximately 18-24 hours after acute administration; may extend to 36-48 hours with chronic dosing as tissue compartments equilibrate. Serum trough levels should be drawn 12 hours after the last dose for accurate interpretation.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000055-QINU`"' (1)

None (16) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)

None (16) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1)

None (15) · Not a controlled substance in the United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Canada, or Australia. Prescription-only in all of these jurisdictions due to the narrow therapeutic index and the need for serum monitoring. No abuse potential has been identified. (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)