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Medicines > classes : Analgesic or [[:Category:Microtubule_inhibitors|Microtubule inhibitor]]

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generic:
Butorphanol (1) · Codeine (2) · Colchicine (1) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Meperidine (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Tapentadol (1)
brand:
None (5) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Colcrys, Mitigare, Gloperba, Lodoco (low-dose cardiovascular) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1)
uses:
None (15) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C6F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C70-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C71-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (15) · Acute gout: 1.2 mg PO at first symptom, then 0.6 mg 1 hour later (total 1.8 mg in 1 hour, the FDA-revised regimen); prophylaxis 0.6 mg PO daily or BID; FMF 1-2 mg/d; pericarditis 0.5-0.6 mg BID for 3 months; Lodoco 0.5 mg PO daily for CV risk reduction (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)
preparations:
None (15) · 0.6 mg tablets; 0.6 mg/5 mL solution; 0.5 mg tablets (Lodoco) (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (15) · 1.8 mg in any 1-hour period (acute gout); 1.2 mg/d (prophylaxis with renal/hepatic impairment); much lower with strong CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibitors (1) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (15) · Oral (IV form withdrawn US 2009 due to fatal toxicity reports) (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (15) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Anti-inflammatory effect within 24 hours of gout flare onset; loses effectiveness if delayed (1)
duration:
None (15) · 4–6 hours (1) · Hours per dose (1)
halflife:
None (15) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~27-31 hours; markedly prolonged in renal/hepatic impairment and with CYP3A4 or P-gp inhibitors'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C72-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (15) · ~45% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C73-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (15) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Used in FMF in pregnancy; otherwise weigh against alternatives.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (15) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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