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Medicines (732)

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: Analgesic

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or [[:Category:Barbiturates|Barbiturate (parent compound)]]

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7-Hydroxymitragynine (1) · Acacia confusa (1) · Amanita muscaria (1) · Ayahuasca (1) · Blue lotus (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Calea zacatechichi (1) · Codeine (2) · Datura (1) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Harmaline (1) · Harmine (1) · Hawaiian Baby Woodrose (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Iboga (1) · Kava (1) · Kratom (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Meperidine (1) · Mitragynine (1) · Morning Glory (1) · Myristicin (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Peyote (1) · Primidone (1) · Psilocybin mushrooms (1) · Salvia divinorum (1) · San Pedro cactus (1) · Syrian rue (1) · Tapentadol (1) · Tetrahydroharmine (1) · Yopo (1)

None (28) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Mysoline (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity (1) · Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (1) · Contains bufotenin and DMT (1) · Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (1) · Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist (1) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid (1) · Contains psilocybin and psilocin (1) · Contains salvinorin A (1) · DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist (1) · DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity (1) · Mechanism incompletely understood (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline (1) · Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Strong CYP3A4 induction via the phenobarbital metabolite produces many interactions (reduces oral contraceptives, warfarin, many psychotropics). Essential-tremor efficacy is the unique pharmacological selling point'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'. (1)

None (38) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Seizures: 100-125 mg PO at bedtime x 3 days, then BID, then TID, escalating to 750-1500 mg/day. Essential tremor: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate slowly to 250-750 mg/day (1)

None (38) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Tablets 50, 250 mg (1)

None (38) · 2 g/day (seizures); typically much lower for essential tremor (1) · 360 mg/day (1)

None (38) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (38) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Anticonvulsant effect emerges with slow titration over weeks; tremor effect over weeks (1)

None (38) · 4–6 hours (1) · BID-TID dosing (1)

None (38) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Primidone 5-15 hours; '''phenobarbital active metabolite 50-150 hours'''; PEMA (phenylethylmalonamide) active metabolite 16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1)

None (38) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Substantial teratogenic signal (barbiturate class effects including neonatal withdrawal and hemorrhagic disease of newborn).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (38) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Federally non-controlled despite being a barbiturate''', a paradoxical situation given that its primary active metabolite phenobarbital is Schedule IV'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)