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Codeine (2)

None (31) · ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea canephora'' (robusta) (1) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

Adenosine receptor antagonist (1) · Adenosine receptor antagonist; dopaminergic (1) · Adenosine receptor antagonist; phosphodiesterase inhibitor (1) · Apomorphine and nuciferine; dopaminergic activity (1) · Caffeine is a non-selective adenosine A1/A2A receptor antagonist; also weak PDE inhibition. Beans contain theobromine (3,7-DMX) and theophylline (1,3-DMX) in smaller amounts. (1) · Contains atropine, scopolamine, hyoscyamine (1) · Contains bufotenin and DMT (1) · Contains harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine (1) · Contains ibogaine; kappa-opioid agonist (1) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2) · Contains muscimol and ibotenic acid (1) · Contains psilocybin and psilocin (1) · Contains salvinorin A (1) · DMT + MAOI (harmine/harmaline); 5-HT2A agonist (1) · DMT-containing plant used in psychedelic preparations (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Kavalactones; GABAA modulator; sigma receptor activity (1) · Mechanism incompletely understood (1) · Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial MAOI; anticholinergic effects (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; beta-carboline (1) · Reversible MAO-A inhibitor; NMDA antagonist; beta-carboline (1) · Weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor; beta-carboline (1)

None (43) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000000CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D0-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000000D1-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · One cup (~80–145 mg caffeine for brewed; 60–100 mg for instant) (1)

None (43) · Roasted beans, ground; brewed (drip, French press, espresso, cold brew, percolated) (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (44) · 360 mg/day (1)

None (43) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (43) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · ~15–30 min (1)

None (43) · 3–5 h (subjective) (1) · 4–6 hours (1)

None (43) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~5 h (caffeine) (1)

None (43) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~99% (caffeine) (1)

None (43) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limit to <200 mg/d (~2 cups brewed) (1)

None (43) · Unrestricted (food) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)