Drilldown: Medicines

Codeine (2)

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None (30) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · (none, never marketed) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nexus, Eroxan (historical, late-1980s through mid-1990s) (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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5-HT2A agonist (12) · 5-HT2A agonist; long duration (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; milder than other 2C-x (1) · 5-HT2A partial agonist (1) · Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; vasoconstrictor (1) · Extremely potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl⁻ channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; no oral activity (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; very long duration (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Very potent 5-HT2A agonist; long duration (1)

None (43) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1)

None (43) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (43) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (43) · 360 mg/day (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (42) · insufflated (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · PR (1) · sublingual (1)

None (42) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · 45-75 min (oral) (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (42) · 4-8 h (1) · 4–6 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1)

None (42) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1) · Not well characterized (1)

None (42) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · Not well characterized (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)

None (42) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Not established (1)

None (43) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:DEA Schedule I|Schedule I]] (United States) (1)