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Drilldown: Medicines

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Medicines > classes : Analgesic or Empathogen or Plant Med

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generic:
4-FA (1) · 5-APB (1) · 5-MAPB (1) · 6-APB (1) · 6-APDB (1) · Buprenorphine (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Butylone (1) · Codeine (2) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ephylone (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Ethylone (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Levorphanol (1) · MDA (1) · MDAI (1) · MDEA (1) · MDMA (1) · Meperidine (1) · Mephedrone (1) · Methadone (1) · Methylone (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · Nutmeg (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · PMA (1) · PMMA (1) · Tapentadol (1)
brand:
None (21) · ''Myristica fragrans''. Mace (the fruit aril) (1) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Active oils are myristicin, elemicin, and safrole, phenethylamine precursors that may be aminated in vivo to MMDA, TMA, and MDA respectively (Shulgin's 'essential amphetamines' hypothesis). (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · MAO inhibitor; monoamine releasing agent (1) · MAO inhibitor; serotonin releasing agent (1) · Monoamine releasing agent (3) · Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Monoamine releasing agent; serotonergic at higher doses (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Serotonin releasing agent (2) · Serotonin releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (3) · Serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Serotonin/norepinephrine/dopamine releasing agent (3)
uses:
None (33) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (33) · 0.5–1 oz (10–30 g) ground for psychoactive effect; far smaller for culinary use (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)
preparations:
None (33) · Ground dried seed (nutmeg) or fruit aril (mace); occasionally infused (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (34) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (33) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (33) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Slow, 2–6 h (1)
duration:
None (33) · 12–24 h or longer (1) · 4–6 hours (1)
halflife:
None (34) · 2.5–3 hours (1)
bioavailability:
None (34) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (34) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1)
legal:
None (34) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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