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Medicines > classes : Analgesic or Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI)

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generic:
None (1) · Buprenorphine (1) · Butorphanol (1) · Codeine (2) · Dextropropoxyphene (1) · Dihydrocodeine (1) · Ethylmorphine (1) · Fentanyl (1) · Hydrocodone (1) · Hydromorphone (1) · Levorphanol (1) · Meperidine (1) · Methadone (1) · Nalbuphine (1) · Oxymorphone (1) · Papaverine (1) · Pentazocine (1) · Tapentadol (1)
brand:
None (5) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Sunosi (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Selective dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DAT and NET inhibition). Unlike amphetamine, does not significantly release monoamines, pure reuptake inhibition. (1)
uses:
None (17) · Excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (1) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1)
starting dose:
None (17) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Narcolepsy: 75 mg PO once daily upon awakening, titrate every 3 days. OSA: 37.5 mg PO once daily, titrate. (1)
preparations:
None (17) · 75 mg, 150 mg tablets (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (17) · 150 mg/d (1) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (17) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (17) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · ~30-60 min (1)
duration:
None (17) · 4–6 hours (1) · ~9 hours (1)
halflife:
None (17) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~7.1 hours (1)
bioavailability:
None (17) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~95% (1)
pregnancy:
None (17) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limited data; pregnancy exposure registry available (1)
legal:
None (17) · Rx, Schedule IV (US) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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