Drilldown: Medicines

Codeine (2)

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None (14)

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Research material · Classic Psychedelic · Stimulant · Opioid · Sedative-Hypnotic · Phenethylamine · Tryptamine · Benzodiazepine · Botanical · [[:Category:Antihypertensives|Antihypertensive]] · Dissociative · Anticonvulsant · Antidepressant · Plant Medicine · Analgesic · Antipsychotic · Antiparkinsonian · Empathogen · Neuroleptic · Cathinone

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None (2) · 5-MeO-DMT is a potent 5-HT1A agonist (greater than 5-HT2A). Distinct from N,N-DMT in producing a more unitive, less visual, often ego-dissolving experience. (1) · Active alkaloid is cytisine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. NOT a classical 5-HT2A psychedelic. (1) · Contains the β-carboline alkaloids harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (RIMAs) that allow oral DMT to reach the brain. (1) · Contains varying amounts of DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenine, and gramine depending on strain and growing conditions. (1) · Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (15) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator (non-benzodiazepine) (3) · GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) · GABAA potentiator (1) · GABAA potentiator and direct activator (2) · GABAB agonist; GHB receptor agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Melatonin receptor agonist (2) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Positive allosteric modulator of the GABA_A receptor at the benzodiazepine binding site; increases frequency of Cl⁻ channel opening, producing anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and skeletal-muscle relaxant effects. (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · Root bark contains ~1% N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and related tryptamines. Oral activity requires MAOI co-administration. (1) · Selective GABAA agonist (extrasynaptic delta subunit) (1)

None (46) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · No approved medical problem. Encountered as a designer/research benzodiazepine and, increasingly, as an adulterant in illicit opioid supplies. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000006-QINU`"' (3) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000008-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000009-QINU`"' (2)

None (51) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · No medical dose. Active recreational doses reported in the 0.5–1.5 mg range (similar potency to alprazolam). (1)

None (46) · Acid/base extraction of fresh young grass for tryptamines; combined with an MAOI (1) · Bark/woody stem decocted with a DMT-source plant (''Psychotria viridis'', ''Diplopterys cabrerana'') to make ayahuasca (1) · Bright red seeds, traditionally ingested or smoked. Highly toxic, narrow margin between active and lethal (1) · Illicit tablets ("bars"), powders, blotter, occasionally solutions. No pharmaceutical product exists. (1) · Parotid-gland venom expressed onto a glass plate, dried into a shellac-like resin, vaporized and inhaled (1) · Root bark acid/base-extracted for DMT; or as the resurrected ''jurema preta'' brew (decocted with an MAOI such as ''Peganum harmala'') (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)

None (51) · 360 mg/day (1) · N/A (never approved) (1)

None (46) · Inhalation (vaporized) (1) · intranasal; rectal and IV reported. (1) · Oral (3) · Oral (with MAOI) (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · smoked (extracted DMT) (1) · sublingual (1)

None (50) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Seconds (1) · ~20–40 min PO; faster sublingual/intranasal. (1)

None (50) · 4–6 hours (1) · 6–10 h subjective; full pharmacologic effect considerably longer. (1) · ~15 min (1)

None (51) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Estimated ~12–17 h (some sources cite up to ~21 h); active metabolites prolong effect. (1)

None (51) · Not formally characterized in humans. (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)

None (51) · Avoid. Benzodiazepines are associated with neonatal sedation, floppy-infant syndrome, and withdrawal; teratogenic signal weak but non-zero. Designer benzo with no safety data, assume worst-case. (1) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1)

None (51) · 5-MeO-DMT is Schedule I in US (since 2011); the toad itself is protected in several southwestern states (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)