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Medicines > classes

: Analgesic

or Tryptamine

or [[:Category:Barbiturates|Barbiturate (parent compound)]]

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Codeine (2)

None (31) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Dolophine (1) · Duragesic (1) · Mysoline (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · Opana (1) · Stadol (1) · Suboxone (1) · Talwin (1) · Vicodin (1)

5-HT2A agonist (15) · 5-HT2A agonist; 5-HT3 antagonist (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; minor psilocybin mushroom alkaloid (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; primarily auditory effects (1) · 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) · Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) · Monoamine releasing agent; 5-HT2A agonist; MAO inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) · Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) · Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) · Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist; sigma-1 agonist (1) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (3) · Prodrug of 4-HO-DET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-DiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-MET; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of 4-HO-MiPT; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug of psilocin; 5-HT2A agonist (1) · Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000013-QINU`"' Strong CYP3A4 induction via the phenobarbital metabolite produces many interactions (reduces oral contraceptives, warfarin, many psychotropics). Essential-tremor efficacy is the unique pharmacological selling point'"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'. (1)

None (43) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Seizures: 100-125 mg PO at bedtime x 3 days, then BID, then TID, escalating to 750-1500 mg/day. Essential tremor: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate slowly to 250-750 mg/day (1)

None (43) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Tablets 50, 250 mg (1)

None (43) · 2 g/day (seizures); typically much lower for essential tremor (1) · 360 mg/day (1)

None (43) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)

None (43) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Anticonvulsant effect emerges with slow titration over weeks; tremor effect over weeks (1)

None (43) · 4–6 hours (1) · BID-TID dosing (1)

None (43) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Primidone 5-15 hours; '''phenobarbital active metabolite 50-150 hours'''; PEMA (phenylethylmalonamide) active metabolite 16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1)

None (43) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Substantial teratogenic signal (barbiturate class effects including neonatal withdrawal and hemorrhagic disease of newborn).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)

None (43) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Federally non-controlled despite being a barbiturate''', a paradoxical situation given that its primary active metabolite phenobarbital is Schedule IV'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)