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Medicines > classes : Anticonvulsant or Opioid or [[:Category:Antioxidants|Antioxidant]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (12)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · None (2) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (48) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CE-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012CF-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012D0-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E5-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E6-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E7-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-000012E8-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (48) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · General supplementation 75-90 mg/d (RDA); scurvy treatment 100-1000 mg/d for several weeks; megadose claims unsupported (1) · Replacement: 15-30 mg (22.5-45 IU) daily; NASH: 800 IU daily; AREDS-2: 400 IU daily (in combination formula) (1)
preparations:
None (48) · 100, 200, 400 IU softgels and capsules; many proprietary OTC blends; combined formulations (AREDS-2) (1) · 100, 250, 500, 1000 mg tablets, chewables, gummies, effervescent; IV (specialty) (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (48) · 360 mg/day (1) · UL 1000 mg (~1500 IU natural)/d in adults; routinely exceeded in older AREDS-1 trials (1) · UL 2000 mg/d in adults (1)
routes:
None (48) · IV (1) · Oral (2) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (48) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Days for symptom improvement in scurvy (1) · Days to weeks for tissue saturation (1)
duration:
None (48) · 4–6 hours (1) · Hours (1) · Weeks (fat-soluble) (1)
halflife:
None (48) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · ~10-20 days (steady-state body pool); single dose plasma ~2 hours (1) · ~3-4 days plasma; adipose tissue stores last months (1)
bioavailability:
None (48) · High with fat-containing meal; reduced in malabsorption (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~70-90% at typical doses; saturable at high doses (>500 mg) (1)
pregnancy:
None (48) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Safe at replacement doses; high-dose use generally avoided.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Safe at routine doses; routinely supplemented in pregnancy.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (48) · OTC in US (2) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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