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Medicines > classes : Anticonvulsant or Opioid or [[:Category:Barbiturates|Barbiturate (parent compound)]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (12) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Aptiom (1) · Banzel (1) · Briviact (1) · Cerebyx (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Depakote (1) · Diacomit (1) · Dilantin (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Epidiolex (1) · Felbatol (1) · Fintepla (1) · Fycompa (1) · Gabitril (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · Luminal (1) · Mysoline (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Onfi (1) · Opana (1) · Sabril (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1) · Vimpat (1) · Xcopri (1) · Zarontin (1) · Zonegran (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (48) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000015-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000016-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (48) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Seizures: 100-125 mg PO at bedtime x 3 days, then BID, then TID, escalating to 750-1500 mg/day. Essential tremor: 25-50 mg PO at bedtime, titrate slowly to 250-750 mg/day (1)
preparations:
None (48) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Tablets 50, 250 mg (1)
fda max:
None (48) · 2 g/day (seizures); typically much lower for essential tremor (1) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (48) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (48) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Anticonvulsant effect emerges with slow titration over weeks; tremor effect over weeks (1)
duration:
None (48) · 4–6 hours (1) · BID-TID dosing (1)
halflife:
None (48) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Primidone 5-15 hours; '''phenobarbital active metabolite 50-150 hours'''; PEMA (phenylethylmalonamide) active metabolite 16 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (48) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~90% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (48) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Substantial teratogenic signal (barbiturate class effects including neonatal withdrawal and hemorrhagic disease of newborn).<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (48) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US. '''Federally non-controlled despite being a barbiturate''', a paradoxical situation given that its primary active metabolite phenobarbital is Schedule IV'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"' (1)

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