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Medicines > classes : Anticonvulsant or Opioid or [[:Category:Crystalloid_IV_fluids|Crystalloid IV fluid]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (12)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (48) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000039-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000003D-QINU`"' (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000088-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000089-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000008B-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (48) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Volume and concentration titrated to clinical status; symptomatic hyponatremia: 3% NaCl 100-150 mL bolus, reassess (1) · Volume titrated to clinical status; typical adult bolus 500-1000 mL, then reassess (1)
preparations:
None (48) · 0.225%, 0.45%, 0.9%, 3%, 5% IV solutions; 0.9% nasal spray; 3% and 7% nebulizer solutions; oral tablets (1 g) (1) · 250, 500, 1000 mL IV bags. Composition per liter: Na+ 130 mEq, K+ 4 mEq, Ca2+ 3 mEq, Cl- 109 mEq, lactate 28 mEq (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (48) · 360 mg/day (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated to clinical endpoints (1) · No fixed maximum; titrated; sodium correction rate in chronic hyponatremia must not exceed 8-10 mEq/L per 24 hours to avoid osmotic demyelination (1)
routes:
None (48) · intranasal (1) · IV (2) · nebulized (1) · ophthalmic (1) · oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (48) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Immediate (IV) (1) · Immediate intravascular expansion (1)
duration:
None (48) · 4–6 hours (1) · Roughly 20-25% of an IV bolus remains intravascular at 1 hour (1) · Roughly 20-30% remains intravascular at 1 hour (1)
halflife:
None (48) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte solution) (1) · Not applicable (electrolyte) (1)
bioavailability:
None (48) · 100% (IV) (1) · 100% (IV); essentially complete (oral) (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (48) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Standard fluid and electrolyte management (1) · Standard resuscitation fluid in pregnancy (1)
legal:
None (48) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] for parenteral formulations; OTC for oral, nasal, and many nebulizer products (1) · [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] in US (1)

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