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Medicines > classes : Anticonvulsant or Opioid or hydroxide)]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (12)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Sodium channel blocker (2)
uses:
None (50) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00001303-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001304-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001305-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001306-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001307-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001308-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001309-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (50) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) · Replacement oxide 400-800 mg/d in divided doses (high diarrhea rate); citrate 200-400 mg/d (better tolerated, better absorbed); IV sulfate 1-2 g over 5-60 minutes for hypomagnesemia or torsades; eclampsia 4-6 g IV loading then 1-2 g/h (1)
preparations:
None (50) · Oxide 400, 500 mg tablets (240, 300 mg elemental); citrate 100, 150, 200 mg tablets; hydroxide oral suspension 400 mg/5 mL; sulfate IV 500 mg/mL ampules (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (50) · 360 mg/day (1) · Indication-specific; renal clearance limits tolerable cumulative dosing (1)
routes:
None (50) · IV (1) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (50) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Oral: hours; IV: minutes (1)
duration:
None (50) · 4–6 hours (1) · Variable (1)
halflife:
None (50) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · Not meaningfully described (electrolyte; renally cleared) (1)
bioavailability:
None (50) · Highly salt-dependent: citrate ~25-30%; oxide ~4% (limited and causes osmotic diarrhea); chloride ~12% (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (50) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · IV sulfate is the cornerstone of eclampsia/preeclampsia management; oral replacement also safe.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
legal:
None (50) · OTC (oral salts) and [[USLegal:Prescription only|Rx-only]] (IV) in US (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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