Drilldown: Medicines
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generic:
brand:
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
None (4) ·
Active metabolite of tramadol; mu-opioid agonist (1) ·
Extremely potent GABAA positive allosteric modulator (1) ·
Extremely potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) ·
GABA-A positive allosteric modulator'"`UNIQ--ref-00000067-QINU`"' '"`UNIQ--vote-00000068-QINU`"' (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator (18) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; low sedation (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; prodrug of desmethyldiazepam (1) ·
GABAA positive allosteric modulator; very long half-life (1) ·
Highly potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) ·
Kappa agonist; mu antagonist (1) ·
Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist (1) ·
Kappa agonist; mu partial agonist/antagonist (1) ·
Mitragynine/7-hydroxymitragynine; mu-opioid partial agonist (1) ·
Mu-opioid agonist; modulates glutamate AMPA receptors (1) ·
Mu-opioid agonist; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (1) ·
Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) ·
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; fentanyl analogue (1) ·
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) ·
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; prodrug (metabolized to morphine) (1) ·
Mu-opioid receptor agonist; sodium channel blocker (1) ·
Mu/kappa/delta agonist; NMDA antagonist (1) ·
Opioid receptor partial agonist/antagonist; toxic alkaloid (1) ·
Partial mu-opioid agonist; kappa antagonist (1) ·
Partial mu-opioid receptor agonist; alpha-2 agonist (1) ·
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor; calcium channel blocker (1) ·
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) ·
Prodrug of morphine; mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) ·
Prodrug; converted to [[Morphine|morphine]] by [[Enzyme:CYP2D6|CYP2D6]] for analgesic action. (1) ·
Selective mu-opioid receptor agonist (1) ·
Ultra-short-acting mu-opioid agonist (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000073-QINU`"' The long half-life gives smooth, once-daily BP control with low rebound. CYP3A4 substrate; pedal edema is the characteristic, dose-related, non-fluid-overload side effect'"`UNIQ--ref-00000074-QINU`"'. (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000063C-QINU`"' Avoid in HFrEF (negative inotropy). CYP3A4 substrate AND moderate inhibitor — interacts substantially with statins (especially simvastatin), tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and many other CYP3A4 substrates'"`UNIQ--ref-0000063D-QINU`"'. (1)
uses:
None (53) ·
Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000069-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000006B-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000075-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000076-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000077-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000063E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000063F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000640-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000641-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000747-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000748-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000749-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000074C-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000A66-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A67-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A68-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A69-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000A6A-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0A-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0B-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0C-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0D-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000C0E-QINU`"' (1) ·
'"`UNIQ--vote-0000145E-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-0000145F-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00001460-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (53) ·
0.25 mg (1) ·
2.5-5 mg PO once daily; titrate to 10 mg/d (1) ·
Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1) ·
ER 180-240 mg PO once daily; IR 30 mg PO QID; IV 0.25 mg/kg over 2 min for acute rate control, then 5-15 mg/h infusion (1) ·
ER 30-60 mg PO once daily; immediate-release 10 mg PO TID (now rarely used for hypertension due to reflex tachycardia) (1) ·
IR 80-120 mg PO TID; ER 180-240 mg PO daily; IV 2.5-5 mg over 2 min for SVT termination (under monitoring); cluster prophylaxis up to 480-960 mg/d in divided doses (1) ·
Isosorbide mononitrate ER: 30-60 mg PO once daily in the morning, titrate to 120-240 mg/d; isosorbide dinitrate IR: 5-20 mg PO TID with a 12-14 hour nitrate-free interval to prevent tolerance (1) ·
SL 0.3-0.6 mg every 5 minutes up to 3 doses for acute angina (call EMS if not resolved after the third); IV infusion 5-10 mcg/min titrated; transdermal patch 0.2-0.4 mg/hr for 12-14 hours daily (nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance) (1)
preparations:
None (53) ·
0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg tablets (immediate-release and orally disintegrating); 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg extended-release tablets; 1 mg/mL oral concentrate (1) ·
10, 20 mg IR capsules; 30, 60, 90 mg ER tablets (1) ·
2.5, 5, 10 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral suspension (1) ·
IR 30, 60, 90, 120 mg tablets; multiple ER capsules and tablets 60-420 mg; IV 5 mg/mL (1) ·
IR 40, 80, 120 mg tablets; SR/ER 100-360 mg; IV 2.5 mg/mL (1) ·
Mononitrate 10, 20 mg IR; 30, 60, 120 mg ER; dinitrate 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg IR and ER (1) ·
SL 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 mg tablets; lingual spray 0.4 mg/spray; ER 2.5-9 mg capsules; transdermal patch 0.1-0.8 mg/hr; 2% ointment; 0.4% rectal ointment; 5 mg/mL IV (1) ·
Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (53) ·
10 mg/d (2) ·
120 mg/d (ER); IR not for chronic hypertension (1) ·
240 mg/d (mononitrate ER); 160 mg/d (dinitrate) (1) ·
360 mg/day (1) ·
Indication-specific; titrated to effect (1) ·
~480 mg/d (oral) for cardiovascular indications; higher off-label for cluster (1) ·
~480 mg/d (oral); IV per protocol (1)
routes:
None (53) ·
IV (3) ·
lingual spray (1) ·
MI reports) (1) ·
multiple ER formulations) (1) ·
Oral (3) ·
Oral (IR (1) ·
Oral (IR and multiple ER) (1) ·
oral ER (1) ·
Oral; sublingual IR is discouraged (uncontrolled BP drops (1) ·
PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) ·
rectal (1) ·
Sublingual (1) ·
sublingual (dinitrate) (1) ·
topical (1) ·
transdermal (1)
onset:
None (53) ·
30-60 min (immediate-release); 1-2 h (extended-release) (1) ·
30–60 min (PO) (1) ·
BP effect within 24 hours; full effect at 1-2 weeks (long half-life) (1) ·
IR 20 minutes; ER ~6 hours (1) ·
IV: 1-3 minutes (SVT termination); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) ·
IV: 3-7 minutes (rate control); PO IR: 30-60 minutes; ER: hours (1) ·
SL/spray: 1-3 minutes; IV: minutes; patch: 30-60 minutes (1) ·
SL: 2-5 minutes; PO mononitrate: 30-60 minutes (1)
duration:
None (53) ·
24 hours (1) ·
4–6 hours (1) ·
6 h (immediate-release); ~11 h (extended-release) (1) ·
IR 4-8 hours; ER 24 hours (1) ·
IR: 4-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) ·
IR: 6-8 hours; ER: 24 hours (1) ·
Mononitrate ER: 12-24 hours; dinitrate IR: 4-6 hours (1) ·
SL: 30 minutes; patch: 12-14 hours; IV continuous (1)
halflife:
None (53) ·
1-3 minutes (very short)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C0F-QINU`"' (1) ·
11-13 h (immediate-release); 11-16 h (extended-release) (1) ·
2-5 hours (IR); ER formulations extend functional duration via osmotic/matrix release'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074D-QINU`"' (1) ·
2.5–3 hours (1) ·
3-4.5 hours (IR); 5-7 hours (ER; effective duration 24 hours via formulation)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000642-QINU`"' (1) ·
3-7 hours (IR); functional 24 hours (ER)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6B-QINU`"' (1) ·
30-50 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-00000078-QINU`"' (1) ·
Mononitrate ~5 hours; dinitrate ~1 hour'"`UNIQ--ref-00001461-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (53) ·
64-90% (oral; not affected by food)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000079-QINU`"' (1) ·
80-90% oral (1) ·
Highly route-dependent: SL bypasses first-pass; oral has extensive first-pass (used only for chronic ER preparations); transdermal predictable'"`UNIQ--ref-00000C10-QINU`"' (1) ·
Mononitrate ~100% (no first-pass; the principal advantage over dinitrate); dinitrate ~20%'"`UNIQ--ref-00001462-QINU`"' (1) ·
~20-35% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4 with R/S enantiomer differences)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000A6C-QINU`"' (1) ·
~40% (oral; extensive first-pass via CYP3A4)'"`UNIQ--ref-00000643-QINU`"' (1) ·
~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) ·
~50% IR (extensive first-pass via CYP3A4); ER products release-rate-limited'"`UNIQ--ref-0000074E-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (53) ·
Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) ·
Category D'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1) ·
Limited data.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; alternative antihypertensives generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; case series and registries suggest no major teratogenicity but other antihypertensives (labetalol, nifedipine) are typically preferred.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Limited data; labetalol/nifedipine generally preferred. Crosses placenta.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Oral nifedipine is one of the preferred agents for severe hypertension in pregnancy and for tocolysis in preterm labor.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1) ·
Used in obstetric emergencies (uterine relaxation, severe hypertension) when needed; otherwise limited routine use.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">[[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]]</sup> (1)
Showing below up to 61 results in range #1 to #61.