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Medicines > classes : Botanical or Opioid or [[:Category:Psychostimulants|Psychostimulant]] (atypical)

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (32) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Darvon (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Opana (1) · Provigil (Teva/Cephalon); Alertec (Canada); Modavigil (Australia) (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2)
uses:
None (50) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1)
starting dose:
None (50) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)
preparations:
None (49) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1) · Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg (scored). [[Armodafinil]] (Nuvigil), the R-enantiomer of modafinil, is available separately as 50 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, and 250 mg tablets. (1)
fda max:
None (49) · 360 mg/day (1) · 400 mg/day.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006C-QINU`"' (1)
routes:
None (49) · Oral (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1)
onset:
None (49) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · Peak plasma concentration in 2-4 hours after oral administration. Clinically perceptible wakefulness-promoting effects typically begin within 1-2 hours of dosing.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1)
duration:
None (49) · 4–6 hours (1) · Effective duration approximately 12-15 hours at the 200 mg dose, consistent with the elimination half-life. A single morning dose generally sustains wakefulness throughout the day without substantially disrupting nighttime sleep onset when taken early.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006D-QINU`"' (1)
halflife:
None (50) · 2.5–3 hours (1)
bioavailability:
None (49) · Oral bioavailability is not precisely established in the label but absorption is rapid and essentially complete. Food delays peak plasma concentration by approximately one hour but does not reduce the extent of absorption.'"`UNIQ--ref-0000006F-QINU`"' (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1)
pregnancy:
None (50) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1)
legal:
None (50) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1)

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