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Medicines > classes : Classic Psychedelic or Opioid or [[:Category:Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics|Non-benzodiazepine hypnotic]]

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generic:
Codeine (2)
brand:
None (81) · (multiple, generic dominant) (1) · Alfenta (1) · Ambien (IR), Ambien CR (biphasic-release), Edluar (sublingual), Intermezzo (low-dose sublingual for middle-of-night awakening), Zolpimist (oral spray) (1) · Darvon (1) · Delysid (historical, Sandoz, withdrawn 1965) (1) · Demerol (1) · Dilaudid (1) · Duragesic (1) · Heroin (1) · Krokodil (1) · Nubain (1) · Nucynta (1) · O-DSMT (1) · Opana (1) · Stablon (1) · Stadol (1) · Sufenta (1) · Talwin (1) · Ultiva (1) · Vicodin (1)
classes: (Click arrow to add another value)
mechanism:
5-HT2A agonist (26) · Potent mu-opioid receptor agonist (6) · Potent 5-HT2A agonist (5) · LSD analogue; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Mu-opioid receptor agonist (4) · Prodrug of LSD; 5-HT2A agonist (4) · Contains LSA (2) · Contains mescaline (2)
uses:
None (99) · Mild to moderate pain; cough suppression (low-dose). (1) · '"`UNIQ--vote-00000017-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000018-QINU`"', '"`UNIQ--vote-00000019-QINU`"' (1)
starting dose:
None (99) · '''5 mg PO at bedtime for women, 5-10 mg for men''' (per FDA's 2013 sex-specific dose reduction for women due to slower clearance). Ambien CR 6.25 mg women / 6.25-12.5 mg men. Intermezzo SL 1.75 mg women / 3.5 mg men (1) · Adult: 15–60 mg every 4 hours as needed. (1)
preparations:
None (99) · IR tablets 5, 10 mg; CR tablets 6.25, 12.5 mg; SL tablets 1.75, 3.5, 5, 10 mg; oral spray (1) · Tablet (15, 30, 60 mg); oral solution; combination products (with [[Acetaminophen|acetaminophen]] or ibuprofen). (1)
fda max:
None (99) · 10 mg/day (IR); 12.5 mg/day (CR) (1) · 360 mg/day (1)
routes:
None (98) · Oral (2) · oromucosal spray (1) · PO (only formulation marketed in the US). (1) · sublingual (1)
onset:
None (98) · 15-30 minutes (1) · 30–60 min (PO) (1) · 30–60 minutes (1)
duration:
None (98) · 4–6 hours (1) · 6-8 hours (IR); 8 hours (CR via biphasic release) (1) · 8–12 hours (1)
halflife:
None (98) · 2.5–3 hours (1) · 3–5 hours (1) · ~2.5 hours'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001A-QINU`"' (1)
bioavailability:
None (98) · 70–90% (oral) (1) · ~50% (variable, CYP2D6-dependent for analgesic effect). (1) · ~70% (oral)'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001B-QINU`"' (1)
pregnancy:
None (98) · Avoid; risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal with chronic use; UM-mother breastfeeding contraindicated. (1) · Limited human data; case reports of neonatal sedation with late-pregnancy exposure.<sup class="pcp-cn" title="This claim needs a citation.">&#91;[[Pharmacopedia:Citation needed|citation&nbsp;needed]]&#93;</sup> (1) · Not established (1)
legal:
None (98) · Schedule I (United States) (1) · US Schedule II (single-entity); Schedule III–V (combination products by content). (1) · [[USLegal:Schedule IV|Schedule IV controlled substance]] in US. Carries the FDA '''Boxed Warning''' for '''complex sleep behaviors''' (sleep-driving, sleep-walking, sleep-eating, other parasomnias) added in 2019'"`UNIQ--ref-0000001C-QINU`"' (1)

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